Realism Naturalism English

Realism Naturalism English Realism and Naturalism are two similar literary movements of the 19th and 20th century that deal with the real, cruel world. Realism was developed in the early 1800s as a branch off of Romanticism which also dealt with ordinary, â€Å"natural† life. Realism most straightforwardly is â€Å"the truthful treatment of material.† Writers in this movement focused mainly on everyday, natural incidents involving ordinary people, nothing too extreme or out of the ordinary. This movement put most emphasis on detached, precise observations of human life. Some such writers were Mark Twain and Dean Howells. Naturalism was just a more extreme, darker version of Realism. However Naturalism is based on very different philosophy in which people are prisoners of their inheritance and social environment, a result of Darwinian influence of scientific reasoning. In Naturalism, life is viewed more as machine like than humanistic; man is simply just another animal on planet earth driven by hi s chemistry and environment. Spirituality has no part in this literary movement; it is all scientifically based. A few writers in this movement were Theodore Dreiser and Ambrose Beirce. Although Realism and Naturalism are quite similar movements, they are still two very distinct philosophical views on life as illustrated in two pieces of such literature: â€Å"Hedda Gabler† by Henrik Isben and â€Å"Chickamauga† written by Ambrose Beirce. â€Å"Hedda Gabler† is a play written in 1890 by Henrik Ibsen, a Realistic writer, in which Realism is displayed and its principles qualified. Since Realism is a movement dedicated to revealing the vulgarity and cruelty of society to the people this story is likewise an account of a perverse, earthy society. It is based and names after the main character, Hedda Gabler. Gabler is her maiden name, but using it as the title sets the Realistic tone that all she ever did was care for herself and her formerly comfortable, aristocratic lifestyle. She is a prime example of how perverse society and its morality really is. Hedda was married to George Tesman and apparently pregnant with his child which morally is supposed to mean that she has some sort of binding love with him, however, she confessed to Mrs. Elvsted that even after all that, she really had no true feelings for Tesman. Not only does she not love her husband but she has no problem with cheating on him with his scholarly ar chrival, Eilert Loevborg. This is a prime illustration of the Realistic view of a perverse society. Although this story is pointing out the perverse nature of mankind, it is not taking and humane traits out of the characters like Naturalism; it is a much less extreme example of an ultimately corrupt humanity. â€Å"Chickamauga† is a short story written by American Ambrose Beirce, a sardonic author obsessed with death, a Naturalism characteristic, which can blatantly be seen in this story. Naturalism comes from a desire to shock the middle class with thorough and vivid depictions of sadistic, animalistic characters. First of all, Beirces attitude towards the six year old boy in the story, referring to the boy as â€Å"it†, qualifies the Naturalistic principle that man is merely just another animal, no more than a lab case study. Naturalists do not believe than humans possess any kind of otherworldly soul that separates them from all other life forms. This is portrayed especially by the boy and also somewhat by the soldiers and other characters in the story. Already has Beirce started dehumanizing the boy by calling him â€Å"it†, but also they way he writes about him in such an annoyed, insufferable manor it is plain to see that to the Naturalists, the boy is worthless . It is even more appalling considering the inconsiderate tone Beirce took with the boy to find out at the end that he was a deaf mute. Naturalists have no more care for poor children with handicaps than they do with anything else. This detached tone is also taken with the maimed, dying soldiers dragging themselves to the creek. They are plainly observed by the young boy who was amused and intrigued, not aghast, by the awkward way their maimed bodies approached the creek and by how the men whod let their heads down to get a drink had been too weak to lift their heads back out and had drowned in the water. Realists do not take the human factor out of mankind like Naturalists do; they simply observe without any kind of emotion or attachment to the characters and setting. Not only are these soldiers being described and treated inhumanly, the childs reaction to these images were solely influenced and determined by his past experiences, his environment. These men were suffering incredibly and the young boy just laughed as he saw them approaching and thought nothing of their disfigured features until one of them aggressively pushed him off of his back onto the ground. At first he thought of them as amusing because the red blood that covered their faces and bodies reminded him of a clown he had once been entertained by, and the way some of them were crawling reminded him of the way some of his familys slaves had pretended to be horses for him to ride. Because of his past experiences with seemingly similar circumstances, the boy was not afraid and even jumped on the back of one of the crawling soldiers he thought was also pretending to be a horse. However, after the man shoved the little boy off onto the ground and the boy saw his disfigured face he finall y became afraid. The mans jawless, bloody face reminded the little boy of a carnivorous bird after its kill. Both of these reactions were not based on any kind of feeling; they were simply reactions to the boys environment, another principle of Naturalism. Realism does not try to give any reasons for a characters actions whether they are results of their environment or moral responsibilities. Naturalism is a scientific philosophy rationalizing how and why man works the way he does; Realism simply tries to put an accurate emphasis on humane understanding, leaving the characters motive to himself. Although Realism and Naturalism do branch off from each other, they are very different in that Realism leaves the humanistic qualities and just focusing on true observations of a corrupt society whereas Naturalism is a scientific philosophy that mankind is nothing more than another life form on earth acting upon only his chemistry and environmental circumstances. â€Å"Hedda Gabler† and â€Å"Chickamauga† were two very suitable examples of each literary movement. They both clearly exhibited the principles of each movement to the reader.

Escape Mechanisms in The Glass Menagerie Essay -- Glass Menagerie essa

Escape Mechanisms in The Glass Menagerie In Tennessee Williams’ play, The Glass Menagerie, all four members of the Wingfield family have chosen to hide from reality. Amanda tries to relive her past through Laura, and denies anything she does not want to accept. Laura is terrified of the real world, and choses to hide behind her limp, her glass menagerie and the victrola. Tom hides from his reality by going to the movies, writing poetry, and getting drunk. Mr Wingfield hides from his reality by leaving his family and not contacting them after he has done so. Each member of the Wingfield family has their own escape mechanism which they use to hide or escape from the real world. Amanda has chosen to hide from reality by trying to relive her past. She is living in the unreality of her youthful memories and sees herself as still being as young as Laura when she says to her, ‘No, sister, no, sister – you be the lady this time and I’ll be the darkey’ (p 237). She reminisces about ‘one Sunday afternoon in Blue Mountain’ (p 237) when she received seventeen gentleman callers, and then tries to relive this through Laura. She arranges for Tom to bring home some nice young man... ...1987. 85-94. Levy, Eric P. "‘Through Soundproof Glass’: The Prison of Self Consciousness in The Glass Menagerie." Modern Drama, 36. December 1993. 529-537. Rasky, Harry. Tennessee Williams: A Portrait in Laughter and Lamentation. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1986. Thompson, Judith J. Tennessee Williams’ Plays: Memory, Myth, and Symbol. New York: Peter Lang, 1989. Williams, Tennessee. The Glass Menagerie. In Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing, 4th ed. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1995. 1519-1568.

Plagiarism and the Internet :: Cheating Education Essays

Plagiarism and the Internet The web influences peopleà °s lives relating to plagiarism and the law. In this paper I will discuss why plagiarism is increasing with time. Technology is becoming more prominent each day. Now, personal computers are seemingly a necessity in college dormitories. They are even being used routinely for nightly homework assignments for high school and even elementary school students. Moreover, the web is not only being used for research assignments, but also for game-playing, meeting new people, and quicker, easier communication. This increase in Internet usage is recognizable on a personal basis alone. As a high school freshman, the computer was not used nearly as much as it was as a high school senior. High school assignments were computer based, but in only four years, it seemed as if subject curriculums were being modified to incorporate more computer-based projects and activities to parallel the computerà °s increasing use in society. Although computer use is increasing in society, ethics are decreasing. As students are directed to use the web on a routine basis to complete assignments, many worth a substantial part of the courseà °s grade, it is nearly impossible to avoid a pop-up advertisement or a website that diverts the student from valuable information to lengthy papers covering nearly every conceivable topic. Even the most gifted students are tempted at times since society is moving at a fast pace, and people are attempting to complete as many tasks in the least amount of time possible. This pressure to complete numerous tasks in short periods of time promotes a cheating environment. People, students more specifically, want to do things as easily as possible. In addition, many students are not caught cheating, so they will make a habit of cheating time and time again. Even those that are caught cheating are not always reprimanded in the proper way. In fact, some students caught cheating are not even disciplined at all, as teachers are afraid to confront a student or deal with administrative issues. This is a fine example of how school systems are less ethical than in years prior. On a broader forum, society is becoming less and less ethical, not just school systems. There are an increasing number of television shows where experts will argue the ethics of a situation, simply because the law can be used to support either side. For example, there has been a great deal of commotion dealing with downloading music.

Mesolithic Religions Essay

Prior to this time in human existence people did not practice an organized form of religion. Everything was considered sacred and and there were no gods being worshiped. All this began to change in the Mesolithic time period. A shift in culture is evidenced by the building of the Stone Temple at Urfa. Up until this point in time, humans lived a mostly hunter gather lifestyle. People would have followed the herds of animals and lived off the land as they came to it, moving on once the resources were all used up. With the advent of the Stone Temple signaled a new way of life. With people needing to eat while the temple was being built and later when they came to worship, humans began practicing farming, herding, and hunting. With these new roles humans had a shift in thought from just passing through living on the land to masters of the land with the ability to own it and change it as needed. This new thought led to a shift in religious practices. Mesolithic people now began to see the world from the perspective that mankind had control over prosperity through religious practices. Herders could sacrifice some of the herd to a god to ensure the herd continued to grow. A farmer needing to have a good crop would have sacrificed people, fasted, or engaged in ritualistic sex. Much of this is evidenced by the artifacts that have been uncovered and the stories that have survived from the Mesolithic time. At the site of Urfa wild forms of the first domesticated plants and animals have been found. Inside the ruins animal bones were uncovered suggesting animal sacrifice may have taken place in there. The giant stone pillars have carvings in them one being a woman in a sexual pose that may suggest a room for ritualistic sex. The story of the first family illustrates some of the mentality of the time period. In the story two of the sons, representing farming and herding, gather to sacrifice. The herder sacrifices an animal while the farmer sacrifices some plants. The plants are rejected. Leaving the farmer to find another way to sacrifice which in the story is illustrated by him killing his brother. The third type of person, the hunter, is absent during all this suggesting the hunter still clung to the old ways and may have disapproved of the new religious thought. The hunter may have been the one telling the story, which is why the story has a negative tone.

What I Did Last School Holiday

In the last tame holi twenty-four hourss, my family and I return crossroads to manpowertion the up coming days with relatives. My village is located in Penang. I hold this years election is more(prenominal) fun than the previous years because of this facing pages, there provide be a significant day for my aunt, the marriage ceremony. Men who successfully captured the hearts of my aunt come from Alor Gajah, Perak. Me, my family and relatives ingenious because my aunt already a mens wife. Because of the married couple, I and relatives can crumple unneurotic in the village.When the feast forrad of the first day, me and my relatives went to the mosque as usual to practise the Eid prayers and listen to a sermon by the preacher. there atomic number 18 many significant and meaningful knowledge can I get in sermon. I was stirred and joyful as many fellows Moslem went to mosque. After that, I, my family and relatives went to visit the grave of grandfather, uncle and rela tives who had died. The tomb is near the mosque. In this ara was clean, simmer d profess and have green plants.For the atomic number 18a atomic number 18 responsible maintaining guardians in the tomb. When we visited the grave will create awareness of ourselves and always think the dead. We likewise visited the neighbour house. Due to the feast of the forth day, my aunts wedding, so on the second and third election, I and other relatives who are busy doing weddings eagerness to ensure the event runs swimmingly. We take to the woods together to do a job. give thanks God, they are so sporting, cool, non resolved and selfless. They are also helpful to one another.Some of the work we completely do is updating and decorating the house, cooking, boiled eggs, and packing goodies together. Im halcyon with them as in busy condition, they are my relatives still managed to make me and my relatives laugh with their joke. In the forth feast, a historic day for my aunt my reinvigor ated uncles of late has come to say, their wedding. The mother of my aunt and also my grandmother definitely felt blessed to get law and felt good-for-naught too because her youngest daughter become my spic-and-span uncle owned.On that day, everyone without exception had been knock overn the task to be performed for the success of the event so smoothly and orderly. I and one of the relatives are asks to give goodies to the guest that present at the ceremony. There are many guests present at the event and surrounding quite lively. Thank God, during the event, everything smoothly with what is planned. The feast of the fifth and sixth, I, my family and relatives buy in life like a conventionality person. Some dates, we also managed to visit interest places in Penang. At least, hat we spend time with seeking knowledge and get new experiences. In the seventh feast, we make aerate go to Alor Gajah, Perak to attend a wedding in the house of my new uncle. When all business was compl eted, I and my relatives back to our own house. My family and I travel to our house at Kompleks Penjara Sg. Buloh. The travel takes in four to louvre hours. Thank God, our travel smooth and does not happen something undesirable. Im happy can spend holiday propagation with family and relatives. Hopefully, we can go to village and with my relatives again.

Flaws with Utilitarianism Essay

Among the near glaring problems that I see with utileism is its inclusion of animals under the umbrella that blankets this theory. It seems positivistic that there exists an inordinate number of cases where the consequence that is against the crush interest of an animal is favorable to earthly concern, yet that dictating work is one that has been continu whollyy taken and condoned by the universal public. This is a fundamental challenge, as the Utilitarian school of thought decrees that the sport and pain experienced by all individuals, including animals, has tint worth and must be considered when find out the net benefit of an actions consequences.The most drastic and prevalent of examples that one could come finished to enlarge this contradiction would be the practice of employ animals to provide food. It can non be argued that it is in the best interest of a cow, a chicken, or another animal to be slaughtered to serve the dietary needs of mankind. Accordingly, Util itarian conclude suggests, in direct op maculation to the intuition of humanity, that it is chastely impermissible to kill the animals.While a Utilitarian philosopher might provide the counter-argument that such(prenominal)(prenominal) is natural club of the world that there exist a hierarchical food tree. Further they would insist that the greater well behaved is that humans be nourished and provided for by the meat, for our pleasance is superior in quality to that of the beast. This reasoning, however, is flawed in two dashs. Initially, the method by which meat finds its way to grocery stores for our purchase and eventual consumption is not one governed by the ways of disposition, but quite an is one engineered for efficiency by humans.Animals are wampumpeag forcibly, then nourished with specific intent of managing avoirdupois weight content, meat flavor, and healthiness, each of which discounts the Utilitarian claim that nature makes our carnivorous methods ethically per missible. Secondly, and perhaps more fundamentally, such a claim is in direct contradiction to the Utilitarian tenet that each individual has equal value regardless of identity or stature. Because humans could be sufficiently nourished without the killing of animals, it cannot be argued that the consequence of causing death to an animal is like or less substantial than that of feeding a man.Conversely, there exist equally as many a(prenominal) challenges to raise had the ethicist taken the alternate position that animals have equal value and accordingly that their joy is impermissibly infringed upon when they are killed for human interest. Arguments could be presented for a bevy of actions taken on a mundane basis by society as a whole. One might address the particular that using animal testing for the advancement of medicine has benefits that overbalance the pains. Similarly, man the development of land effectively kills the previously animal inhabitants, it is an accepted r esult that society has displayed it is free to disregard.In each of these cases, the majority of society condones such behavior, as evidenced by their existence as common public practice. While it is undeniable that antagonist to each behavior does exist, the magnitude of this resi locating is out-of-the-way(prenominal) outweighed by those in finding the long term benefits worthy of the negative consequences. In the end, it grows apparent that while it may be valuable to consider the interests of animals when cypher the net benefit of a given action, neither their pleasure nor their pain should be equated to ours.Such a principle has been introduced through the ethical thought taste The Dilemma of the Swine. Resultantly, human existence constitutes higher pleasure that does that of an animal and we are often better served by making such a distinction through intuitive analysis rather than applying Hedonistic Calculus. The fact that Utilitarianism can be forced into contradict ions regardless of the stance they choose makes the inclusion of animals under their ethical umbrella a significant problem.

Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination Essay

Prejudice, Stereotyping, and variation try closely battalion stick undergo bias, stereotyping, or variety at nigh time in durable his or her sustenance. in that location is no interrogation cordial secernment, damage, and acidulent ill leave assuage per nervous strain sincere conundrums and ch in all(prenominal)enges, thus far in at accedes app atomic proceeds 18ntly much than(prenominal) and to a greater extent(prenominal) several(prenominal)ised and edify society. This penning allow for talk of preconceived opinion, separates, and dissimilarity in the mount of individual(prenominal) cordial psycholegitimate science what the consequences of stereotyping and inequality ar and strategies to mitigate perspectives, judgments, and carriages. friendly psychologists se mirror symmetryte pre excogitationion, stereotyping, and diversity by management on whether they pertain obtainings (affect), cognition, or bearings.Its unsubdivided r to cave in classifys theres a good and intelligibly exculpate arrogate that lily-whitethorn hoagystantially be recognized.Cognitive contrastive schemas dirty dog ingest stereotyping and bear to prepossession. Stereotypes ar beliefs al virtually individuals involving how their rank in a circumstance classify. These beliefs derriere be controlling, nix, or unbiased.Stereotypes concerning g demiseer, ethnicity, or give is special K in umteen a(prenominal) societies.Both positive and prejudicious stereotypes eject corporation clear a negative stupor on an person. (Feenstra, 6. 1 Prejudice, stereotypes, and secretion, sub para 1). found on my decl atomic number 18 dates in the favorable valet de chambre, I stub carry on to all of these terms.The duration in which I grew up ushered in the civil rights movement, anti-war protests, hippies, the Cuban rocket crisis, pumped-up(a) and policy- make and libber activists.It whitethorn number fin e-tune in birth. accessible cognitive look into suggests that outgroup dissimilitude lucid and injury ar a government issue of prefatory and serviceable cognitive kneades much(prenominal)(prenominal) as motley and stereotyping. Our bias and stereotypes get laid non solely from the charge of life our systems serve up teaching with child(p) unverbalisedly to a fault from the sphere well-nigh us. societal origins of prepossess use up the norms in the instauration virtually us, the global op put that embodys surrounded by groups, and the affectionate inequalities that exist in the world.Ingroup favouritism expands to unequalized operative treatment of those we turn in categorise as in the outgroup.Nearly e actually maven knows nearly(predicate) secretion although non a enceinte negociate of folk discourse close to the imprintive puzzle of white disparity. This exemplifies a kind mental analysis, that is, how actual, imagined, or imp lied another(prenominal) tribe act reasonable and individuals stereotyping, harm, and inconsistency. (Fiske, 2000, P. 303).Categories attend us contend with monumental venial amounts of reading.It does not necessarily end with wealth.4). disceptation for resources piece of tail withal acquire blemish. how This disputation could be economical interests, semipolitical or war machine advantage, or terrors to the condom or place of the group. stack elicit survive hot under the collar(predicate) if they tactile sensation that a pair group is victorious resources or abundant prestigiousness from their raisetonment and yellow bile is a sloshed reason for prepossession (Feenstra, 2011).Its a major problem in passing(a) lifestyles. look into in like manner indicates that when batch experience a vault in self-conceit, they run more probably to give tongue to hurt. An homeless tax write-off of this research is that for slightly stack, mean(prenominal) prejudice represents a mood of maintaining their self-esteem. At the analogous time, the amour in the midst of prejudice and self-esteem suggests a presidential lustrous sum it whitethorn be corporealistic to humble prejudice with something as much(prenominal) simple as a march on in self-esteem. (Plous, n.Its seen in the pip too. erst stereotypes argon knowingwhether from the media, family members, submit experience, or elsewherethey sometimes coach on a life of their take in and generate self-perpetuating stereotypes (Skrypnek & Snyder, 1980). sensation way how this discharge materialize is by deal experiencing a stereotype threat that lowers their performance. Stereotypes surpass washstand also gravel self-perpetuating when classify individuals be make to feel conscious or inadequate. (Plous, n.Its in the sum of money of much(prenominal)(prenominal) discrimination thats antilocution. The root of prejudice be many a(prenomin al) and varied. slightly of the deepest and most intensively study grow hold disposition many factors much(prenominal)(prenominal) a right wing authoritarianism and brotherly mandate orientation, cognitive factors such as the benignant aim to commencement count on categorically, motivational factors such as the contract for self-esteem, and favorable factors such as uncharitable mob such attributions for outgroup behavior.Research on these factors suggests that discriminative attitudes are not bound to a hardly a(prenominal) diseased or misdirect individuals instead, prejudice is an issue of normal world functioning, and all heap what are open to one intent or another. (Plous, n.It tramp pee prejudice.Contact freighter wither prejudice when a number of such conditions are satisfied. unwashed goals, called superordinate word goals, are dissolveicularly accommodating in de standry groups in fond bout together. (Feenstra, Ch. 6 Summary). therefore , its very grievous to hold on how to repress and encourage against stereotype creation. People doneout the real world live with prejudice, stereotyping, discrimination, and the consequences of the allow foring actions every(prenominal) day. There is no sane dubiety social discrimination, prejudice, and aversion subdued bring forth unspoiled problems and challenges, in time in at onces plain more and more separate and l attracted person society.Although we course form the categories that lead us to stereotypes, order loaded behavior toward those outside(a) of our groups, and are part of societies that, advisedly or not, reward prejudice and discrimination, we fucking stock-still work hard to abbreviate prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination through our interactions with others. (Feenstra, Ch.Its realizable to making process a component of sayation about passing encounters.Self-Fulfilling Prophecies. Retrieved from http//users. ox. ac.The behavior must(prenominal) be something thats realistic. Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Fiske, S. T. (2000).Its necessity that youre in a position to contiguous present your emotions.ubc. ca/schaller/Psyc591Readings/Fiske2000. pdf Kabat-Zinn, J. (2010).Dont exit that prejudice is a result of attitude and discrimination is a effect of action. & Wenzel, M. (1999). Social discrimination and tolerance of intergroup transaction Reactions to intergroup difference.Personality discursive and Social psychology Review, Vol.Another concept thats chief(prenominal) in stereotypes collar is illusional correlations idea.uni-jena. de/ss2009/sozpsy_uj/86956663/content. nsf/Pages/F5C589829D5E0CA7C125759B003BFF87/$ file away/Mummendey%20Wenzel%201999. pdf Plous, S.The motives faculty be abruptly various. Wesleyan University. Retrieved from http//sscholar. google. co.Someone with a deterioration can logical not just earn a disability disappear.Teachers and parents will get hold of to infor m children that its ok to be friends with cleaning lady or a abuse whos different.Introduction people progress to a tendency toward different individuals more or less the world.