The Career Of A Registered Nurse - 1452 Words

Registered Nurse â€Å"Constant attention by a good nurse may be just as important as a major operation by a surgeon.† There was a girl who had always wanted to become one of importance, education, and also a contributor in her community. She feels that this occupation will assist her in living comfortably, providing for her family, and will be something she will enjoy doing. The career of a Registered Nurse is a challenging and important career, because of the importance one holds within a community. The research will describe the career of a Registered Nurse, what is required to become a successful, and the impact this career has on society. The career of a Registered Nurse has changed since the beginning in 1905. Before the year of 1905 Nurses weren’t required any specific training or schooling. In 1905 the Board of Registered Nurses was given permission to set standards, administer exams, administer educational programs, issue official nursing certificates and revoke certificates as well. Today, before becoming a Registered Nurse, you must earn a diploma, an Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN), or a Bachelor Degree in Science of Nursing (BSN) (2008 National) The General Duty of most Registered Nurses’ is to do whatever they can, in their power, to help every patient they come across on a daily basis in a comfortable, appropriate, manner. On the more specific end of a RNs’ duty, a Registered Nurse is expected to and responsible for: performing physical exams and healthShow MoreRelatedThe Career Of A Registered Nurse1533 Words   |  7 Pagessaid â€Å"It is the nurse that the child first hears, and her words that he will first attempt to imitate.† I always loved helping people and I would turn on the television and look for shows related to nursing. â€Å"One Born Every Minute† was one of the few shows I watched on television that interest me and made me eager to want help with the birth of babies. This show captured the hardships and difficulty of giving birth and the experience of the procedure. The career of a Registered Nurse is fulling andRead MoreA Career as a Registered Nurse Essay938 Words   |  4 PagesA Registered Nurse is a person who enjoys helping other people. They practically have the responsibility for many peoples lives. What’s interesting about a Registered Nurse is that they get to learn about all the parts of the human body. A Registered Nurse works in the medical field and needs to be ready with anything that comes their way. There could be a sudden death, some kind of medical issue that pops up, and even a patient just falls over and hurt themselves. As a Registered Nurse they needRead MoreThe Career As A Professional Registered Nurse941 Words   |  4 Pagessuccess as a professional Registered Nurse (RN) requires hard work, compassion and empathy. It is important to realize the journey is challenging, but is fulfilling. The registered nurse profession was established in the 1800s. For over two hundred years a registered nurse has helped those i n need. The responsibilities of nurses is to educate their patients on many types of diseases as well as provide guidance to patients and their loved ones. It is important for nurses to express compassion, emotionalRead MoreProfessional Career As A Registered Nurse1744 Words   |  7 PagesA professional career as a registered nurse can be very rewarding, but it entitles hard work and dedication. The main purpose of a registered nurse is to provide care, education, and support to their patients. Their responsibilities mainly depend on the type of file they work in. For example, an emergency nurses, labor and delivery nurses, and school nurses each have specific duties they need to perform in accordance to their job. Though, in general, Registered Nursing responsibilities are very similarRead MoreCareer Goals For Registered Nurses851 Words   |  4 PagesOutlining Your Career Goals Registered nurses work alongside physicians providing patient care in a variety of ways. A few examples of what nurses are responsible for include: administering medications, tracking patient’s vital signs, helping to diagnose and properly treat patient aliments and educating the patient and their family on their condition and the course of treatment. Depending on what area of medicine a nurse works in will determine more generalized and specific duties and responsibilitiesRead MoreCareer of Registered Nurse738 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction: Registered nurses have several duties and responsibilities that can range depending on the organization that they work for. Registered Nurse’s may be employed in physicians offices, schools, hospitals, assisted living facilities, nursing homes, clinics, and even in prison settings. They are responsible to provide direct care to patients that are done under the order and supervision of a licensed health professional. The licensed healthcare professionals include physicians, nurse practitionersRead MoreCareer Research : Registered Nurse2452 Words   |  10 PagesCareer Research Paper: Registered Nurse Healthcare is a field of study that is concerned with the maintenance or restoration of the mind or body. More specifically a Registered Nurse is a person who is especially prepared in the scientific basis of nursing and who meets certain prescribed standards of education and clinical competence. A nurse provides services essential to or helpful in the promotion, maintenance, and restoration of health and well-being of a patient. This career path was myRead MoreMy Career As A Registered Nurse878 Words   |  4 Pages My short-term goals include passing my state boards upon graduation and then finding a fulfilling job as a Registered Nurse (RN) at a major local hospital. Currently, I work at Summa Akron City Hospital and it would be seamless for me if I could obtain a job there as a nurse in one of their intensive care units. After a few years of practice, I plan to get my certification in Critical Care Nursing. Beyond that, my long-term goals for the future are to attend grad uate school at University of AkronRead MoreThe Career Goal Of Advance Practice Registered Nurse1614 Words   |  7 PagesïÆ'Ëœ Highly conscientious, dedicated and qualified skilled Registered Nurse with 20+ years background, experience within Emergency Department, Medical/Surgical ICU, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Case Management setting where a diverse professional skill are utilized with excellent assessment and analytical skills seeking Nurse Corps Scholarship to advance my career goal of Advance Practice Registered Nurse ïÆ'Ëœ Have extensive experience in working with a broad range of medical conditions, patient careRead MoreCareer Path to Become a Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist1051 Words   |  5 PagesCertified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs) are one of the most advanced types of nurses. They are responsible for providing quality anesthesia and anesthesia-related care in order to facilitate diagnostic, therapeutic and surgical procedures (America Association of Nurse Anesthetists, 2010). While their services are mainly used in the surgical setting, CRNAs can also provide assistance for pain management associated with obstetrical labor and delivery or for chronic and acute pain. Although

Poverty in America Government Welfare Programs are the...

Abstract Poverty effected many individual families around the world for many years, and it wasn’t until 1935, The Social Security Act was passed, therefore assisting many families in need. The effects of poverty is an extraordinarily obscure social experience, and the finding those causes is very similar. As a result, sociologists considered other theories of poverty, such as the journey of the middle class, employers, from the cities into the suburbs. The government has taken many steps over the years to put an end to or decrease welfare assistance. Although, the welfare system is extremely important to millions of people, it has been an underlying problem for many others causing idleness and laziness. There are many pros and cons to†¦show more content†¦This act set up local parishes that were responsible for taking care of the poor in their own district. However, the government provided no funds to facilitate this program?the parishes were responsible for levying and collec ting taxes to finance their programs. Though it would be considered a very primitive form of welfare by today?s standards, it was a large step toward government-mediated welfare compared to the English system 250 years before that. In 1349, Parliament forbade charity on the grounds that it might encourage laziness. Since then, public attitudes have changed about the responsibility of the citizens and the government to provide for the assistance of the needy. Limited federal assistance was given to war veterans and their families beginning during the Civil War, but large scale assistance to the general needy community was not available for almost 75 more years (Komisar 48). A large contribution toward the assistance of the poor in the United States came during the Progressive movement around the turn of the century. Activist groups championed not only workers rights in the form of unions, but also the right of every citizen to have access to decent living conditions (Komisar 67). The Progressive movement slackened during the prosperous ?20s, but the social welfare issue was forcefully placed back into the public consciousness with the advent ofShow MoreRelatedWhy Does Poverty Still Exist Among Black Americans? Essay1359 Words   |  6 Pagesdoes poverty still exist among Black Americans? 2016 FA.Soc.220.02 Social Problems Kesha Hicks â€Æ' â€Å"The United States has the highest poverty rate of any advance industrial nation† (Elizabetha, 2013). For many years, black people have considered to be the poorest race in the United states. There have been many government programs put in place to help poverty among black Americans. Such as welfare, unemployment, and Medicaid just to name a few. The question is, with so many government programs, whyRead More Politics and Poverty Essay1237 Words   |  5 PagesPolitics and Poverty Today there is a split in American politics on how to combat poverty. Throughout history, how America combats poverty has changed depending on what party is running the government. There has been a number of different parties however, Republican, Democrat, The Bull Moose Party, and other various ones. However, these views can be put into two main categories: The Liberal ideology and the Conservative ideology. There are three areas, which have broad and differing views on howRead MorePoverty in America Essay1197 Words   |  5 Pages Everyone knows what the word poverty means. It means poor, unable to buy the necessities to survive in todays world. We do not realize how easy it is for a person to fall into poverty: A lost job, a sudden illness, a death in the family or the endless cycle of being born into poverty and not knowing how to overcome it. There are so many children in poverty and a familys structure can effect the outcome. Most of the people who are at the poverty level need some type of help to overcomeRead MoreWelfare Of The United States1351 Words   |  6 PagesWelfare Research paper Since the dawn of the United States, our nation’s government has committed to helping its people to advance society and its general welfare. As early as 1785, America’s federal government reserved lands in the Articles of Confederation that would be set aside for the placement of schools and other establishments for the public domain. In 1789 the federal government acquired the responsibility of providing pensions to disabled veterans of the Revolutionary War. Later thatRead MoreCombating Poverty in America: Time For a Change1134 Words   |  5 PagesPresident Johnson is well known for making major policy reform in order to combat poverty. Welfare, a social program designed to combat poverty, has been a controversial issue for many years and has been reformed under the Clinton and Bush administrations. In 1996 President Bill Clinton brought welfare reform to congress with help from the Republican Party. Newt Gingrich and Bob Dole led the reform action. President Clinton vetoed the first two bills presented, but later proposed a third versionRead MoreWelfare Of The United States998 Words   |  4 PagesWelfare is a subject of debate in the United States because everyone has a different point of view when it comes to the Social Security Act. On one side the rich may feel that the government takes from the rich, and gives to the poor. The poor on the other hand may believe that they are being forgotten and not helped enough by the government. Are the government financial assistance programs really working and helping people climb out of poverty or are they creating lazy people who depend on governmentRead MoreWelfare and Pogressive Tax Rates Essay example1588 Words   |  7 Pagespeople on all spectrums of society so I believe that the United States should adopt certain aspects of a welfare state similar to the Europeans and also have more progressive tax rates. I believe that universal health care and education are essential parts in a wel fare state while some other programs like unemployment benefits are not as important. First I will first explain why the government has a moral responsibility to help the people they govern. Next, how the European healthcare system is muchRead MorePoverty, Social Security, and Conspiracy Theories1103 Words   |  4 PagesQuestions: Poverty, Social Security and Conspiracy Theories 1.Why are there still poor people in America half a century after the implementation of a system of social welfare programs that were designed to end poverty? In the 1960s there was a major effort to address the problem of poverty in America. The most significant component was called Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). AFDC was passed in last period of vigorous liberal reforms in the 20th century. By the 1980s welfare programsRead MoreThe Social Policy Welfare Programs1343 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscusses and compares the social policy welfare programs in the United States and Europe and how each country approaches the issue. In particularly, Russell explains how poverty is measured, poverty reduction, and the politics of poverty reduction. Research shows that poverty has been a social problem for over five decades in America. During the 1960’s, the issue of poverty was first identified as a social problem and countless efforts have been made to eradicate poverty in the United States. In 1964, theRead MoreHow Welfare Has Changed From The Colonial Period862 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant to discuss the history of the eme rgence of this social problem. I will discuss the essence of poverty as a social problem and how that has affected how welfare is distributed among single mothers. Some factors that contributed to this social problem are the economy and he increasing amount of people who lived in poverty. The government felt that it was necessary to be proactive about the growing issue of poverty. The government was also taking a look at how money was being spent and how that

Self-Related Cognitions in Anxiety & Motivation-Free-Samples

Questions: 1.What am I good at? Skills and Talents. 2.What positive characteristics do I have? 3.What have I achieved in my life; accomplishments? 4.What do others say they like about me? 5.If someone shared my identical characteristics, what would I admire in them? Answers: 1.I feel that my skills and talent lies in the area of communication. I am a very good communicator and can delve into a conversation with people from any background. My intercultural communication skills are good and they allow me to be friendly and approachable by everyone. Intercultural Communication enables people to come closer to each other and removes the various barriers (Samovar et al., 2014). I am not a biased person and hence that adds to my skill set as when I am given a responsibility to take decision I always emerge with a decision that is unbiased in nature and serves the best of the purpose. 2.The quality of me being amicable with people has been one of the biggest positives in my character. People feel at ease when they are around me and the comfort level that they have with me is a positive characteristic of mine. I always look forward to motivate others and constantly work to motivate myself. Self-motivation allows individuals to widen their target and aspire to achieve more (Schwarzer, 2013). Such a quality that I posses is a positive characteristic of mine. I deter from having any set of prejudice and stereotypes in me and hence that allows me to be able to wiser person than others who have such mental barriers. 3.My achievements have been mainly regarding the various public interactions that I have had in my life. All such instances that I have faced with; people have instantly took a liking for me due to my amicable personality. I have given successful presentations on many topics in public and workplace both. All those presentations have been successful and the response from the audience was overwhelming. To list a few, I have received certificates for delivering impromptu speeches and winning various quiz competitions. I also trained people in successfully delivering a public speech and it has been influential to them. 4.According to those who have ever communicated with me or come in any sort of contact with me, I am regarded as a person who is approachable and friendly in nature. People refer to me as a person whose company is worth enjoying. Due to my friendly nature, I keep cracking jokes with people around me and hence I am referred to as a person with a clean sense of humor. Perception of people towards me has always been that whenever they are stuck with a problem they approach me for assisting them in sorting out the situation, even if I am not always able to solve their problem, I look forward to lend my help to them and try as much as I can. Positive attitude of mine is liked by most of the people. 5.Someone with an identical character of mine would get appreciation from for being the wise person. I will always admire the unbiased approach of that individual. Unbiased approach allows people to trust a person in matters of decision-making. I would admire strong communication skills because I would feel comfortable to around that person. A person with such qualities will emit positive rays and that will be one of the most admired quality because such people are close to everyones heart and people seldom have any apprehension in communicating with them (Seligman Csikszentmihalyi, 2014) . References Samovar, L. A., Porter, R. E., McDaniel, E. R., Roy, C. S. (2014).Intercultural communication: A reader. Cengage Learning. Schwarzer, R. (Ed.). (2013).Self-related cognitions in anxiety and motivation. Psychology Press. Seligman, M. E., Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Positive psychology: An introduction. InFlow and the foundations of positive psychology(pp. 279-298). Springer Netherlands.

Sonnys Blues by James Baldwin

Introduction The reading of James Baldwin’s short story Sonny’s Blues leaves few doubts as to the fact that one of story’s foremost motifs is light vs. darkness. In its turn, this can be explained by the particulars of author’s biography as someone who was brought up in the religious family, sublimated in Baldwin’s strive to provide a symbolical meaning to story’s semantic content.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sonny’s Blues by James Baldwin specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apparently, the references to darkness in Sonny’s Blues are meant to symbolize the essence of Sonny’s drug addiction; whereas, the references to light are meant to prompt readers to think of Sonny’s story of reconciliation with his brother in terms of Christian ‘redemption’. Nevertheless, there is also another aspect to Baldwin’s utilization of earlier mentioned motif – author’s realization of the sheer unnaturalness of African-Americans’ low social status through fifties and sixties. By making continuous references to this particular motif, author wanted to expose the actual reason why these people often end up being underachievers. In my paper, I will aim to explore the soundness of this thesis at length. Analytical part Baldwin’s utilization of light vs. darkness motif starts at the very beginning of the story: â€Å"I stared†¦ in the swinging lights of the subway car†¦ and in my own face, trapped in the darkness which roared outside† (1). By saying that, narrator reflects upon his own deep-seated anxieties of someone who was born and raised in the ‘ghetto’. Apparently, even though he was able to gain social prominence as a teacher, narrator never forgot its own humble origins. This is exactly the reason why, while watching Harlem’s Black boys in the midst of soci alizing with each other, narrator never ceases being aware of the nature of intellectual oppression, they have to deal with on daily basis: â€Å"These boys, now, were living as we’d been living then†¦ All they really knew were two darknesses, the darkness of their lives†¦ and the darkness of the movies, which had blinded them to that other darkness† (Baldwin 1). The context of this particular referral to darkness, on the part of narrator, reveals the nature of African-Americans’ oppression as such that is not only being concerned with these people suffering from poverty but also from the fact that American mainstream Medias of the time used to portray such state of affairs as perfectly natural. Hence, the symbolic sounding of narrator’s following remark, in regards to Sonny friend’s physical appearance: â€Å"The bright sun deadened his damp dark brown skin and it made his eyes look yellow and showed up the dirt in his kinked hair† (Baldwin 2) – apparently, narrator wanted to emphasize once again that, while being exposed to the ‘light’ of America’s racialist mass-culture, African-Americans simply could not avoid being degraded.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nevertheless, given Baldwin’s strong sense of religiosity, it does not come as a particular surprise that the majority of narrator’s referrals to light connote positiveness, as these referrals symbolize the process of African-Americans gaining self-confidence. For example, while elaborating on how he felt when struggling with his drug-addiction, Sonny states: â€Å"I feel like a man who’s been trying to climb up out of some deep, real deep and funky hole and just saw the sun up there, outside† (Baldwin 5). Yet, being rather a good psychologist, Baldwin was fully aware of the fact that the p rocess of socially and racially underprivileged ghetto-residents striving to make the best out of their lives could never be too easy, as the very essence of racially secluded living in the ghetto predisposes people to succumb to depression: â€Å"Cab moved uptown through streets which seemed, with a rush, to darken with dark people† (Baldwin 7). According to narrator, this is exactly the reason why it often proves impossible for ghetto-residents to attain social prominence through education – while trying to affiliate themselves with light, even the brightest kids from the ‘hood’ have no choice but to continue to exist in darkness, in allegorical sense of this word. In its turn, this causes them to experience a certain cognitive dissonance – the harder they try to make the best of their lives; the more acute appear their inferiority-related anxieties: â€Å"When light fills the room, the child is filled with darkness. He knows that every time this happens he’s moved just a little closer to that darkness outside† (Baldwin 9). Thus, there are clearly defined humanist undertones to Sonny’s Blues, as the story that provides readers with the insight on why, despite having a potential to become society’s outstanding members, many African-Americans nevertheless end up descending to society’s ‘rock bottom’. Conclusion As it was implied in the Introduction, in order for the readers to be able to fully understand Baldwin story’s message, they need to be aware of the significance of light vs. darkness motif, deployed throughout story’s entirety. The reason for this simple – the understanding of this motif’s implications, on the part of readers, is being quite indispensible within the context of them gaining an insight onto the very root of African-Americans’ clearly unprivileged social status. I believe that this conclusion is being fully consistent with paper’s initial thesis.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sonny’s Blues by James Baldwin specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bibliography Baldwin, James. Sonny’s Blues. PDFCAST.Org. 1957. Web. This essay on Sonny’s Blues by James Baldwin was written and submitted by user Lilah English to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Solar Technology in Gemasolar Technology

Solar Technology in Gemasolar Technology The world today requires energy for quite a number of things. Without energy the world will come to a standstill. For many years, the demand for power has been fulfilled through the use of fossil fuels such as natural gas, coal and products derived from oil.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Solar Technology in Gemasolar Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Kulichenko and Jens claim that there was need to find new sources of energy after a while because of; high cost of traditional sources, difficulty of guaranteeing supply of traditional sources, global economic growth that has brought about a growing demand for more energy and increased global warming (52). Solar power is inexhaustible, plentiful and clean energy. Solar technology is used to convert solar radiation to other forms of useful power. Solar thermal power plants are mainly located in extremely dry and uncultivated areas not used for agricultural ac tivities. Such areas provide the ideal or appropriate conditions for solar energy radiation absorption. This report is about the Gemasolar energy plant located in Fuentes de Andalucà ­a in Seville province of Spain. Gemasolar energy plant is a concentrated solar power plant which uses a central receiver technology with molten heat storage system. The plant started working mid 2011.Technical feasibility of Central receiver technology was first proved during the 1980s by operation of six research power plants ranging from one to five MWe capacities and by one to ten MWe. A demonstration plant with a steam receiver was connected to the southern California grid. The Spain Central tower receiver power plant was the pioneer commercial scale power plant globally that used this kind of technology. (Jayasimha 10) Without a doubt, solar power towers are to be the backbone of the entire power generation scheme.Advertising Looking for report on environmental studies? Let's see if we ca n help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The plant has the ability to take in sun rays and provide energy at night and also during cloudy days (Rirdan 102). Central receiver towers are large scale power plants.It is made up of two axis tracking mirrors or heliostats which reflect solar radiation at the very top of the tower where the receiver is placed. The main goal of the Gemasolar project is to demonstrate the technical and economical viability of molten salt solar thermal power technologies to deliver clean cost competitive bulk electricity (Negewo 93). The plant is owned by Torresol energy investments. Originally it was known as Solar Tres before the name was changed to Gemasolar. Torresol energy investment is owned 40% by Masdar, a company based in Abu Dhabi. 60% is owned by Sener from Spain (Hanna 45). The Gemasolar power plant is made up of 185 hectares of solar field. The high tower receiver is 140 meters high. It also has 2,650 heliostats ea ch having 120 square meters distributed in concentric rings around the tower (Negewo 92). Sodium and potassium nitrates make up the molten salt which is usually stored in tanks made of steel. The biggest tank at the plant has a diameter of 23 meters and a height of 14 meters. The molten salt is used as heat transfer fluid and energy storage medium. It is easy to manage the solar power due to the storage capacity of the steel tanks. It is supplied on demand. Connected to the tower at ground level are the hot and cold storage tanks. The tanks can store salts which provide energy for up to 15 hours without the sun. Molten salts in the cold tanks are stored at 290 °c and 565 °c in the hot storage tank (â€Å"Cleantechchnica†:Spain Gemasolar). The implementation of the molten salt heat storage system allows creation and appearing of electricity when there is any solar radiation.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Solar Technology in Gemasolar Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More How It Works Solar radiation first falls on mirrors known as heliostats. It is then reflected on to the receiver situated at the top of a supporting tower. Solar radiation is concentrated by the heliostats at 1000:1 ratio. This is controlled by a network of communication with 26 fiber optic rings present in it. The orientation of the heliostats is automatically turned towards the sun by geared motors so that they reflect beam radiation on the receiver all day. A fluid flowing through the receiver absorbs the concentrated radiation and transports the heat to the ground level where it is used to operate a thermodynamic cycle. The receiver is capable of absorbing 95% of the radiation transmitted to the molten salts in the central receiver (You tube: The World’s first Base load). Cold salt is pumped up to the top of the tower at the central receiver where it is heated up. The liquid salt is brought back t o the hot storage tanks being kept there at the temperature of 565 °c. After leaving the storage tank, the heated salt is moved to the heat exchanger chamber via steam pipes and steam is formed as a result of condensation. By means of this steam the turbines are turned; they generate electricity. According to Rirdan, any extra heat generated is kept in the molten storage tank and is used to produce electricity when the sun’s heat and radiation is absent. Power generated is transferred to a substation located in Villanueva Del Rey, Andalucà ­a, and further transmitted to the National grid system (102). Cost of the project Estimated cost of project was â‚ ¬171 million. It was financed by several financial institutions including European Investment Bank, Banco popular and Banesto ICO. Engineering, procurement and construction were done by Sense Company. This was inclusive of the development of a molten salt receiver and the manufacturing of heliostats.Advertising Looking for report on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A company called SGS was tasked with provision of assistance in the civil works for example construction progress audit, power limit substantiation, commissioning and initial operation of the power plant. Outukumpu was charged with the task of constructing hot and cold storage tanks. The Nord block gear motors were manufactured by Nord drive systems. Working together, Schneider electronics and Hirscham electronics were the companies that built the communication network. It took 29 months to construct the power plant. Energy output Electric power is up to 19.9 MW. Net electric production expected per year is 110Ghw.The electricity generated of approximately 110 MWe per year is the highest electrical generation in the world for solar plants. Advantages of the Gemasolar Technology These are the reasons why the Central receiver tower technology is preferred to other renewable energy production methods. It has a prolonged operating time without solar radiation. This means that it can wor k through the night or on cloudy days using energy from the stored heated salt. Energy output from this power plant is higher than that of other technologies in a facility with the same power. It has guaranteed electrical production for 6500 hours per year which is approximately two to three times higher than that of renewable energies. It is more scalable to any application both large and small thus it has significance to utilities. It is more consistent energy supply with centralized and dispatch able generation model (Negewo 101). Its potential in MENA significantly exceeds any foreseeable regional demand even when quite onerous site conditions are required. It has significant potential for future development thereby reducing cost. It works well with current large scale desalination technologies (Negewo 101).Other benefits of the central receiver power plant include: It provides clean and safe power to approximately 25,000 homes. There is less carbon dioxide emission by more than 30,000 tonnes a year (Enviromission Solar Tower 13). In addition, the turbines do not have to be shut down quite often and hence the plant has a longer lifespan. The plants electrical generation can also be controlled to suit the demand for electricity. Breaks or leakages are greatly reduced since there are no tubes or heat exchange fluids that spread out across the solar field and hence leads to low operational and maintenance costs (Rapier). Conclusion Solar is improving its cost and performance by 20 % each year and is expected to continue to do so for the foreseeable future (Seba 17).Concentrating solar thermal electricity is rapidly expanding in Spain and globally. In the USA, a first generation solar power thermal station of 354 MWe has been operating for more than 20 years. As of mid 2011 about, 1100MWe of CST was installed globally. In principle, given sufficient land, 24 hours storage is feasible and solar thermal power can be operated either as base load, intermediate loa d or peak load depending on amount of storage installed and electricity prices. Enviromission Solar Tower. Web. Hanna, Nick. The Green Investing Handbook: .A Guide to Profiting from the Sustainability Revolution. London, UK. Harriman house limited, 2010. Print. Jayasimha, Balakrishna. 2006. Application of Scheffler Reflectors for process industry: International Solar Cooker Conference, Granada, Spain. Web. Kulichenko, Natalia, and Wirth Jens. Concentrating Solar Power in Developing Countries. Washington, DC., World Bank, 2012. Print. Negewo, Bekele. Renewable Energy Desalination: An Emerging Solution to Close the Water Gap. New York. World Bank publications, 2012. Print. Rapier, Robert. Power Plays: Energy Options in the Age of Peak Oil. New York. Apress, 2012. Print. Rirdan, Daniel. The Blue Print: Averting Global Collapse.Louisville. Corinno Press, 2012. Print. Seba, Tony. Solar Trillions: 7 Market and Investment Opportunities in the Emerging Clean-Energy Economies. Madrid. IMF P ublications, 2010. Print. Spain’s Gemasolar 24/7 Power Plant (VIDEO) 2011. Web. The Worlds First Baseload (24/7) Solar Power Plant. Web.

Euphemisms for Death

Euphemisms for Death Euphemism is especially frequent, says linguist John Algeo, when we must come face to face with the less happy facts of our existence. Here we consider some of the verbal tranquilizers employed to avoid dealing head-on with death. Despite what you may have heard, people rarely die in hospitals. Unfortunately, some patients do expire there. And according to hospital records, others experience therapeutic misadventures or negative patient-care outcomes. However, such mishaps cant be nearly as disappointing as the patient who has failed to fulfill his wellness potential. Most of us, I imagine, would rather die than let down the side in this fashion. Well, perhaps not die exactly. We might be willing to pass on, like dinner guests who take a pass on dessert. Or depart, as we should after a night out. (Theyre no longer with us, our hosts will say.) Unless, of course, weve had a bit too much to drink, and then we might just end up lost or asleep. But perish the thought. In the article Communication About Death and Dying, Albert Lee Strickland and Lynne Ann DeSpelder describe how one hospital worker tiptoed around the forbidden word. One day, as a medical team was examining a patient, an intern came to the door with information about another patients death. Knowing that the word death was taboo and finding no ready substitute, the intern stood in the doorway and announced, Guess whos not going to shop at Wal-Mart anymore. Soon, this phrase became the standard way for staff members to convey the news that a patient had died.Dying, Death, and Bereavement, ed. by Inge Corless et al. Springer, 2003 Because strong taboos surround the subject of death in our culture, countless synonyms for dying have evolved over the years. Some of those synonyms, such as the gentler terms suggested above, are regarded as euphemisms. They serve as verbal tranquilizers to help us avoid dealing head on with harsh realities. Our reasons for using euphemisms are varied. We may be motivated by kindnessor at least politeness. For example, when speaking of the deceased at a funeral service, a minister is far more likely to say called home than bit the dust. And to most of us, resting in peace sounds more comforting than taking a dirt nap. (Note that the opposite of a euphemism is a dysphemism- a harsher or more offensive way of saying something.) But euphemisms arent always employed with such solicitude. A substantive negative outcome reported at a hospital may reflect a bureaucratic effort to disguise an interns blunder. Likewise, in wartime a government spokesperson may refer abstractly to collateral damage rather than announce more candidly that civilians have been killed. Euphemisms, Death and Mortality [E]uphemism cannot cancel the reality of death and mortality, says Dorothea von MÃ ¼cke in an essay on German writer Gotthold Lessing. Nonetheless, it can prevent the sudden confrontation, the accidental, unprotected encounter with death as the real, as decomposition and undifferentiation (Body and Text in the Eighteenth Century, 1994). Euphemisms serve as reminders that communication is (among other things) an ethical activity. Strickland and DeSpelder elaborate on this point: Listening carefully to how language is used provides information about the speakers attitudes, beliefs, and emotional state. Becoming aware of the metaphors, euphemisms, and other linguistic devices that people use when talking about dying and death allows for greater appreciation of the wide range of attitudes toward death and promotes flexibility in communication. Theres no doubt that euphemisms contribute to the richness of language. Used thoughtfully, they can help us avoid hurting peoples feelings. But when used cynically, euphemisms can create a haze of deceptions, a layer of lies. And this is likely to remain true long after weve bought the farm, cashed in our chips, given up the ghost, and, as now, reached the end of the line.

To what extent does Twitter's mission statement reflect its usage Literature review

To what extent does Twitter's mission statement reflect its usage - Literature review Example The organisation claims it to be ‘the fastest, simplest way to stay close to everything you care’ (Twitter, 2012). Twitter is based upon the four fundamentals, namely, Microblogging, Social Networking, Social Media and Computer-Mediated Communication. In recent times, the importance of social networking and media has been noticed largely among the youth generation. Not only have the young people, but also companies in modern days, use social networks to transfer information among the people who are by large the users of these social media. The organisations have been using a tool named microblogging which can be stated as the process of posting smaller digital contents such as, pictures, short videos, links and other media contents in the internet. Although, there are many social networking sites, Facebook has been another social media which have recently gained huge popularity, in comparison to Twitter. The difference between Twitter and Facebook is the class of users, i.e. while Twitter is generally used by most of the celebrities and dignitaries; Facebook is used by all the classes of the society. Micro-blogging According to Java & et. al. (n.d.), Twitter is currently the most accepted microblogging stage which enables users to update their current statuses through short message services (SMSs), digital photos or short videos. In other words, an online community is formed by inviting friends and colleagues who share information of their recent happenings through short texts or audio-visual clips. Furthermore, it can be stated that microblogging in recent times has become an extremely famous media for both personal and professional recreation. Friends use it to keep in touch, professionals use it to co-ordinate business meetings and share important resources; similarly, celebrities and political dignitaries use it for gaining publicity by posting comments regarding their tour schedules, concert presences and film releases (Java & et. al., n.d.). According to a publication of the 17th European Conference on Information Systems (2009), it has been observed that the term microblogging has developed additional terms such as microsharing and activity streaming which are being used commonly by recent users. It has also been noted that Twitter is being used at a higher degree for micro-blogging in comparison to other accessible social networking sites; although, many people have complained about its reliability and functionality (17th European Conference on Information Systems, 2009). As stated by Ehrlich & Shami (2010), posts or ‘tweets’ can be viewed by anyone who is following the person or even attempts to view the public profiles. Furthermore, the authors state that the concept of ‘following’ is very different from ‘friending’ as in social networks consent from both the parties are required to share and view other people’s information. Whereas in the case of Twitter, consent is not necessary and a person can automatically follow other person according to their likes and tastes. Thus, it can be stated that the popularity of Twitter has grown rapidly due to its unique qualities (Ehrlich & Shami, 2010). In this respect, Ebner & Schiefner (2008) observed that the success of microblogging or ‘weblogs’, shortly called as blogs are due to the three factors;

Internationl Economic Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Internationl Economic Law - Essay Example These trade advantages encompass benefits like larger import quotas or lower tariffs and import duties. A country designated with the MFN status must be treated on an equal platform as any other country that has been awarded the MFN status by the nation granting this special status. The MFN treatment principle is important in the context of the WTO whose members have pledged to award MFN statuses to each other. There are also certain exceptions like designating free trade sectors on a regional basis and providing additional benefits to the developing nations. Under the MFN system stipulated by the WTO, a member nation that grants the most-favoured status to a non-member state for a particular product is obliged to provide the same benefits to other members of the WTO2. Thus, the WTO ensures that trade benefits are provided to all members as well as non-members on an equitable basis. The notion of a Most-Favoured Nation has existed since medieval times where smaller versions of such a greements have existed since the 15th Century. However, the expansion of MFN status in international trade began to develop during the 18th century3. Before the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the MFN treatment could be found only among Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) which indeed aided in liberalizing international trade. MFNs also find mention in the ‘Fourteen points’ laid out by United States (US) President Woodrow Wilson in 1918 which called for the liberalization and equality of trade conditions among nations4. Features of the MFN principle The MFN treatment principle has numerous economic effects that are elaborated below. Advantages to International Trade The most important benefit of the MFN principle is that it allows nations to import goods from the most cost-effective and efficient producer without disrupting the notion of comparative advantage5. For instance, a country can import products from the best supplier from different countries ba sed on cost, quality and efficiency thereby improving its economic efficiency. However this efficiency is distorted if the importing nation imposes a higher tariff on imports from the efficient supplier, prompting the importer to prefer products of the next best supplier (from a different country) at lower tariffs. This results in a trade imbalance which reduces the economic benefit to the importing nation besides disrupting global economic efficiency6. The provision of the MFN status in this context to all the countries implies that the importing country will levy equal tariffs on all exporting nations resulting in the procurement of goods from the most efficient supplier. Thus, the primary objective of the MFN treatment principle is to improve the efficiency of international trade. Free Trade System As mentioned above, the equal treatment of nations based on the MFN treatment principle accords the most liberal business environment that allows WTO member states to cut costs in nego tiation and monitoring trade agreements. In simpler words, the MFN treatment has resulted in the reduction of costs associated with the maintenance and functioning of the free trade system7. Equal treatment for imports from all member countries also means that costs associated with ascertaining the originating port or country are also reduced thereby contributing

Robert Frost A Road Not Taken Essay Example for Free

Robert Frost A Road Not Taken Essay Robert Frost ever timeless poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken† has spanned all time because of its ability to appeal to the basic and inevitable necessities of adulthood –making tough decisions and living with the consequences of said choices in the quest for happiness. Robert Frost used the symbol of two roads to show a young man’s need to make a very difficult decision. In breaking the poem down in terms of reading and re-reading the poem in its entirety, one can’t help but be immediately placed in the shoes of the speaker in terms of one’s own life choices. The poem begins with th speaker standing in the middle of two roads. The imagery used in the poem â€Å"diverged in a yellow wood† (Frost, 1916), leads the reader to believe the poem takes place in the fall probably when the leaves are turning yellow. He then proceeds to say that he wishes that he could travel both roads, but of course that is physically impossible. He stands for a long time trying to decide which road to take. He looks down the path in attempt to see where it leads. This is so symbolic of one’s own â€Å"paths†. No one of course can see the outcome of the impending choices that we make or are about to make. In the next stanza, he chooses a path that he wishes to take. â€Å"Then I took the other, as just as fair, Because it was grassy and wanted wear,† (Frost, 1916). Breaking down the story, both the author and thereby the speaker would have the reader believe that the two roads, in terms of their appearance, are both equally pleasing to the eye. But in the line, â€Å"as just as fair† (Frost, 1916), he wants the reader to believe that the two roads and thereby the two choices are different, but could be equally just as good. The speaker is still unsure as to which path he really wants to take. He describes the path as being â€Å"perhaps† better. Nevertheless, it looks as though it hasn’t been used as often as the other. Frost used the alliteration, â€Å"wanted wear†. This actually meant that it lacked used. The speaker becomes incredibly indecisive. Just when the reader thinks that the speaker has made a decision, he says again how the roads are almost the same. The phrase â€Å"the passing there† (Frost, 1916) meaning traffic, could mean people who are walking like him. We then get a glimpse into the time of day in which this decision making is taking place in the line â€Å"And both that morning equally lay, In leaves no step had trodden black† (Frost ,1916), and also that in the area in which he stood, the leaves that have fallen, have not been stepped on and thereby had not changed color on the ground. The speaker seems to poke fun at his need to make this decision with the line â€Å"Oh! I kept the first for another day† (Frost ,1916) He says that he will go back to the road that he is seemingly choosing not to take, another day. Here is another example of how this poem has transcended time. One always thinks or hopes that the choices that we make can somehow be undone. The notion that once we get to a certain point, if we for some reason do not like the way that things are going, the road that we are taking if you will, that we can always turn around and go back if our initial decision has failed. Then he seems to say just that in the line† Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back†(Frost, 1916). He realizes that the idea of coming back to this initial spot, is ridiculous. One never knows how one decision can lead to another and another and yet another leading us so far away from the first decision, that we would not be able to s ee from whence we began and essentially not being able to go back. The speaker moves forward in time; many years from the primary decision. This allows the reader to infer that the choice that the speaker is making or has already made, is one of great import, one that could possibly impact him so much that he will be talking about it for years to come. When the speaker says â€Å" I shall be telling this with a sigh, Eleanor Sickels is quoted to say that â€Å"the poem is about the human tendency to wobble illogically in decision and later to assume that the decision was, after all, logical and enormously important, but forever to tell of it with a sigh as depriving the speaker of who-knows-what interesting experience. (www.wikipedia.org. October 2011) As we reach the conclusion of the poem, the speaker repeats the first line of the poem, and now we know which path he chose â€Å"and I—Took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference.† (Frost, 1916). The speaker has made the decision to take the road that few others have taken, one that could either positively or negatively impact his life forever. The conclusion of the poem does not however tell us whether or not the speaker was a failure or a success. It could possibly depend on whether the reader is a pessimist or an optimist. The theme of this story is choices. Frost uses symbolism and imagery to paint a perfect picture of how one generally makes decisions. In the beginning of the poem we are placed in a glowing yellow wooded area in the early morning along with a young man, forced to make a decision that will change him forever. Wow! The power of the pen! The power to automatically be beamed into a situation that is so reminiscent of our own struggle, is one that has been mastered time and time again, yet this poem probably has more meaning today than it did in 1916 when it was written. So many in the U.S., due to lack of money, experience, or drive, have been forced to make decisions that have left many only one paycheck away from homelessness. Did Mr Frost know at the time how much of an impact this poem would have on the world? Did he know that after almost one-hundred (100) years that he would be written about in terms of great literature? One can only hope that, with all of his many works, Mr. Frost knew that his poems and short stories would solidify his place in English literature forever. References: â€Å"The Road Not Taken† Robert Frost 1916 Bridgepoint Education 2010 Journey Into Literature R. Wayne Clugston www.wikipedia.org

Comparing Foreshadowing in Train from Rhodesia and Dead Mens Path Essa

Foreshadowing and Alliteration in Train from Rhodesia and Dead Men's Path Authors often use literary devices to appeal to their audience without their awareness. By doing so, certain parts of a story or book will seem more important, in a very private way. They won't scream for attention, but they will stick, for they are catchy. Sometimes, authors are not aware that they are using a device to persuade their audience, it occurs naturally. Common literary devices and elements are metaphors, similes, alliteration, perhaps even couplet rhyming. Though foreshadowing is not necessary a literary device, it is often an element that many authors use in their work as well. Foreshadowing through adjectives and alliteration are two devices used in both "The Train from Rhodesia" by Nadine Gordimer and "Dead Men's Path" by Chinua Achebe. "The Train from Rhodesia" by Nadine Gordimer shows foreshadowing elements through it's adjectives and other important words. It alludes to the end mood of the story through adjectives used throughout. At the end of "The Train from Rhodesia", there is an overwhelming feeling of emptiness, perhaps even a persistent sadness. Throughout the story, many of the adjectives point to that. The words "pale" and "dead" in the sentence, "...on either side of a uniform railway vase with it's pale dead flower." (p. 909) and even the word "uniform" points to the emptiness which will prevail toward the end of the story. "Empty" may seem like a word to describe "the empty sand." (p. 910) but it also points to the emotion of the girl at the end. Words that show uncertainty, basted in melancholy occur all over the book, like "waiting", "wandered", "faint", "da... ...more vibrant than a fulfilled smile, and the way a school should be run contains power within the statement. There is no doubt that Achebe did not use alliteration gratuitously, but to show the reader which elements of his story he feels are the most powerful-to serve a purpose. "The Train from Rhodesia" by Nadine Gordimer and "Dead Men's Path" by Chinua Achebe both employed foreshadowing through adjectives and alliteration in their stories. The use of these devices was not to be charming, or cute, but to instill purpose and meaning to their stories. A story without purpose is simply meaningless drivel, and a story with a purpose that cannot be remembered because of a lack of devices is also equally as meaningless. The devices used in both stories illustrate the author's point as concisely as possible. Both stories have maintained their purpose.

American Slavery

Political Points of View: American Slavery In the autobiography, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, writes of the Incident when he defends himself against the cruel Mr. Covey. Harriet A. Jacobs also writes in her autobiography, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, of the time she decides to escape from her owners. Spirituals were extremely emotional songs that were often sung by American slaves. Harriet Tubman, a famous â€Å"conductor† or guide that helped free slaves, was interviewed and her stories were published of what she s an abolitionist went through.One similarity they all have is after being pushed too far, they resist against their suppressors. Douglas's way of resisting injustice was defending himself against Mr. Covey. Mr. Covey was a cruel man that Douglass was loan out too. â€Å"l resolved to fight. † what was Douglass determined as he equally hurt Mr. Covey who had beat him previously day after day. I believe Frederick Douglass did the r ight thing even though extremely risky. Harriet A. Jacobs also resisted injustice by escaping her owner, Mr.Flint, and oing to hide at relatives or friends houses, but close enough to keep an eye on her children. â€Å"l groped my way tothe road.. † a quote Jacobs wrote in her autobiography of when she escaped. Even though though risky, Jacobs escaped to try and keep her children safe. knowing that If she took them with her they would give them away or they wouldn't be touched by Mr. Flint since he believed she would return for them. Both went to hardships but found ways and the strength to rise up. Harriet Tubman created the underground railroad. which allowed many salves to scape to the free states.Tubman ,herself a former slave, was the most wanted fugitive of the era and although knowing the dangers still continued leading the underground railroad. Tubman tried to get her brothers to Join her to freedom but they refused. However, she didnt let that stop her. â€Å"She wa lked off alone, following the guidance of the brooks which she observed to run North. † Many American slaves were also known to sing spirituals. Spirituals tended to have codes, or expressed on how Americans slaves really felt about slavery. Spirituals were â€Å"moving and intensely emotional songs. In a sense I feel spirituals created a sad, depressing atmosphere, since many songs were sung that way. However, many were Spirituals were extremely helpful to Tubman and others to become free. Many American slaves were too afraid to rise up, but a few did.

Sahara Desert

General facts: Largest Desert in the world 10 percent of the African continent, 5000 years ago had a significantly larger mammal population, due to it getting dryer and over hunting in the last 100 years, the mammals are near extinction in the sahara. Intro: Definition of desert: â€Å"a region so arid because of little rainfall that it supports only sparse and widely spaced vegetation or no vegetation at all† Deserts cover about one fifth of our planet, and are caused by extremely low rainfall over an area. Arid deserts generally occur at low latitudes, and can be found in North-America, South-America, Africa, and Southern Asia. In deserts such as the Atacama, there has never been any rainfall recorded since record keeping has come into existence. While â€Å"coastal deserts† are mildy warm and get some rainfall and â€Å"cold† deserts are cold. Climate: Temp: The average temperature for this desert is 86 degrees Fahrenheit with the hottest ever recorded being 122 degrees. With freezing temperatures in the winter the climate of the Sahara is one the of the strangest on the planet. Temperature swings of 37.5 to 99.5 have been recorded. Rainfall: the average rainfall for the Sahara is just 2.5 cm and in the eastern parts it only gets .5 cm of rain a year. Seasonal Variations: There are not much variations in seasons in this desert. It is mostly hot with very little rain. The only exception is winter. During winter the temperature can drop below freezing and it is more likely to rain during these times. Human Interaction:  The current state of the biome is as usual with one exception: the water supply. The only human presence is around areas of permanent water supplies, such as oasis’ and water that is underground but close to the surface. Humans that live in these areas use the little water that is available for them selves and take that small amount away from the creatures that live there.

Essay Sample About Matthias Schleiden Write More About a Scientist

Essay Sample About Matthias Schleiden Write More About a Scientist Free example essay on Matthias Scheilden: Matthias Scheilden was born on April 5, 1804. He was born in Hamburg, Germany. He died on June 23, 1881. He made a significant impact in science. He came up with a cell theory, which had a large effect of scientific attention to living processes as they happened on the cellular level. His work initiated the field of embryology. Scheilden first studied law in Heidelberg. In 1826 he received a doctorate and became an attorney in Hamburg, his hometown. He was not as successful in this as he hoped, and he did not enjoy this field of work. In 1832 he changed his mind about law and decided to study medicine in Goettingen. One of his teachers there got him interesting in botany. He went to Berlin in 1835 and spent time with his uncle, J. Horkel, and another man, Richard Brown. They were both scientists who studied mainly plant anatomy, and based most of their work on questions about the cell formation. Many scientists during this time were interested in the cell formation also. He investigated plants on a microscopic scale. This was very different from most other scientists who were only interested in naming and classifying plants. In 1837 he stated that plant growth came through the production of new cells from the nuclei of old cells, and that all plant tissues were composed of cells or derivatives of cells. He published this theory in 1938, in his paper ‘Contributions to Phytogenesis’. This theory was not made public until a year later when his friend and colleague Theodore Schwann published his ‘Microscopic Researches into Accordance in the structure and Growth of Animals and Plants’. He was the first scientist to recognize the importance of the cell nucleus and to correctly state that nuclei played a part in cell formation. Scheilden thought the cell was the center of the vital force. He believed each cell had an individual existence and the life of an organism came from the way in which the cells work together. He was proved wrong in later discoveries about the mechanics of the process though. In 1839 Scheilden received his second doctorate for his botanist work. He taught at the University of Jena from 1839 to 1862, and at Dorpat from 1863 to 1864. He worked for Johannes Muller and was influenced by two other scientists, Schelling and Oken. He also proved that a nucleated cell is the only original constituent of the plant embryo, and that the development of all vegetable tissues must be referred to such cells. Matthias Scheilden was a very intelligent and well-known man who will always be a big part of science history.

30 Top Mnemonics for Commonly Misspelled Words

30 Top Mnemonics for Commonly Misspelled Words A mnemonic- or  mnemonic device- can help students remember important facts and principles. Psych Central notes that a mnemonic is a technique people can use to help them improve their ability to remember something, adding: It’s a memory technique to help your brain better encode and recall important information. It’s a simple shortcut that helps us associate the information we want to remember with an image, a sentence, or a word. Students learn to rely on these little memory prompts, such as  ROY G BIV (for the sequence of colors in a rainbow), HOMES (for the names of the five Great Lakes), FANBOYS (for the coordinating conjunctions in English grammar), and Every Good Boy Does Fine (for the notes on the lines of the treble clef). Mnemonics for Life Though they are certainly a great help to school students, mnemonics- pronounced ne-mon-icks- arent just for children. In an article titled Stalking the Wild Mnemos: Research Thats Easy to Remember, educational psychologist Joel R.  Levin concluded:   Sufficient research evidence now exists to suggest that even skilled learners can become more skilled through mnemonic strategy acquisition and implementation. So while you may not admit it, you may sometimes fall back on mnemonics to recall the spellings of tricky words or commonly misspelled words. 30 Top Mnemonics Research suggests that the most effective devices tend to be the ones you make up yourself (and the sillier they are, the better). But some classic mnemonics can be very helpful. Below are 30 of the most popular spelling mnemonics. This word can accommodate a  double c and a double m.I â€Å"c† that you want to acquire it.When you  ascertain  a fact, be  as certain  as you can be.Gumbo lost an e in an argument.Bees will be coming to the becoming flowers near you.Never believe a lie.Dara checked the calendar every day.The cat’s egg is gory in this category.Eileen found herself at es in the cemetery.Emma faced a dilemma.Ed is  either here or there.Its hard to embarrass really righteous and serious students.A new environment will iron me out.Goofy Greg loved to exaggerate.I met my ex in PE;  what do you expect?That liar looks familiar.Generally, a general is your best ally.Mom ate immediately.In telling the gent, he showed he was intelligent.It would irritate me if you forgot the second r  in irritable, and don’t forget the table at the end.An island is land surrounded by water.I alone felt Elis loneliness.Miss Pell never misspells.Its necessary to remember the cesspool in the middle.Have a piece of the pie.Please keep quiet about my diet. Its better to give than  to receive.Rhythm helps your two hips move.Theres a rat in separate.Its truly hot in July. More on Mnemonics There are other types of mnemonic devices, including: Visual systems (creating a visual representation of the information)The mnemonic link system (creating a story based on a list)The count system (associating numbers with a series of items)The major system (converting numbers into consonant sounds) Mnemonics work by associating easy-to-remember clues with complex or unfamiliar data. Though mnemonics often seem illogical and arbitrary, their  nonsensical wording is what can make  them memorable. Teachers should  introduce mnemonics to students when the task  requires the memorization of information rather than understanding a concept. For example, memorizing the state capitals is a task that could be accomplished through a mnemonic device. Whether youre a student trying to ace that grammar homework assignment or research paper or an out-of-school adult seeking to brush up on your language skills, a few memory aids  and language tips can prove to be very useful.

Incidents Which Led to the Enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Research Paper

Incidents Which Led to the Enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act - Research Paper Example This paper declares that corporation was involved in an elaborate scam and financial machinations, such as exaggerating the positive financial statements, performing transactions through the shady dealings, omissions and misrepresentations; and insider trading. In spite of the possible prevention of complete collapse, the Enron’s officers continued to hide the financial problems of the company. The Act is comprised of key provisions that describe the specific requirements, mandatory for preparing financial reports. This report makes a conclusion that the Enron’s scandal is considered to be a crucial moment in the history of the American economics and business, which has led to the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in 2002. Relying on the â€Å"advanced experience of financial frauds†, American government developed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act addressing to the main pitfalls discovered during the whole â€Å"pleiads† of financial frauds and bankruptcies. Even though the SOX is recognized to be a major improvement to corporate governance, it still has significant constraints. Experts tend to criticize this Act, concluding that new provisions are not flexible and hardly achievable in real situations. Obviously, just enacting regulations and legal restrictions are not enough to prevent and deter financial reporting frauds. Probably such acts do not provide expected results, because human nature still lacks ethical educational and strong moral principles.

Is it moally acceptable for government agencies (NSA, CIA FBI) to Essay

Is it moally acceptable for government agencies (NSA, CIA FBI) to eavesdrop on domestic phone calls or intercept emails of its c - Essay Example For this exercise to be acceptable by all bodies involved, the bodies conducting the eavesdropping had to obtain a warranty from the United States Foreign Surveillance Court. This could have legalized the whole exercise and no questions could have arisen from the different bodies that raised their concerns (Risen 19). Many laws against this act have been formulated. These include the wireless telegraphy act 2006 and the regulation of investigatory powers act 2000. Although this act of intercepting emails is good for the security of the country, the bodies conducting the interception should look, for a warranty, to do the same. The N.S.A, F.B.I together with C.I.A, argue that taking of warranties will alert the potential terrorists and the search would not be effective. This essay outlines the reasons why use of unwarranted emails eavesdropping is not good (Bamford 145). First is the fact that this is a breach of civil liberty. Individuals are supposed to be covered under civil rights , which gives them freedom to do what is legally right to the extent that they do not interfere with other people’s life (Radden 19). The act of eavesdropping on emails and phone calls is a violation of human rights to expression, interaction, and speech. These laws cover individuals enabling them to interact and communicate freely without others getting concerned about other individuals’ conversation. In addition to this, confrontation of individuals to know whom they were communicating with is a violation of human rights. The security department needs to show proof of a warranty to eavesdrop someone’s emails and a warranty authorizing interviews in regard to the messages intercepted (Radden 64). The act of eavesdropping is a violation of the privacy policy of the company providing the communication (Janczewski and Colarik 128). Companies providing communication services always have privacy policies by which they are supposed to abide. They are supposed to ensu re that no third party individual encounters the contents of the message unless warranted officially by the government. It is the right of an individual to sue any company that allows third party individuals to get the contents of his emails without an official warranty (Radden 59). The act of eavesdropping can as well cause safety issues to the contents of the message. Certain email messages and calls are supposed to be private and confidential. Such emails explaining or having monetary discussions can easily be decrypted, and the information be used in a bad way so that the money is diverted (Bamford 125). This is very possible within the security bodies; N.S.A, F.B.I and C.I.A simply because the agencies have employees of varied nature. Individuals who can use such advantage to divert the monetary value of the emails and calls to his account exist. This can be very disappointing to the individual and all the people associated with the transaction. The fact that the interception o f the emails is not warranted would make individuals have the privilege of going around the issue without fear from court orders and imprisonment (Janczewski and Colarik 91). It can also be difficult to know the exact person that conducted the transfer of the monetary contents from the email. This is because individuals with the capability to intercept emails may have much more technology to hide any traceable information as to where the money went. This is thus a big problem to the company

Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 16

Questions - Assignment Example the end of capitalism would be brought about by the insatiable chase for higher profits, which has more than led to the never ending replacement of humans [workers] with machines, leaving thousands of the populace unemployed. Indeed as the share of profits rises for the capitalists, the share of wages falls, in effect, decreasing the capacity of the masses to buy the goods capitalism produces. The data for the ever increasing income inequality alongside the weakening aggregate demand is but readily available. Q4. Using the creative destruction†, Schumpeter argues that the failure of capitalism is internal rather than external as Karl Marx had contended. Using the phrase â€Å"creative destruction†, Schumpeter was categorical that capitalism creates its enemies from within the very elites rather than from the Marxian impoverished masses. As rightly predicted, the most radical environmentalists championing for the capitalism with a human face in the 21st century, for instance, are but socialist children of the very capitalists. Keynes differed with the classical theorists in that while the latter believed that such markets should be self-regulating, with supply creating its own demand [Say’s law] and prices and wages adjusting when necessary to keep the said markets in a state of equilibrium, he [Keynes] argued that such markets need a hand from the government to run properly and to attain agreeable employment levels and sustained economic growth, for prices and/or wages rigid/sticky downwards, and so are the very causes of recessions and high unemployment rates. An early defender of Keynesianism, Marriner Eccles advocated and actually took a direct role in the introduction of the expansionary fiscal policies in the Fed right after the Great Depression, virtually fixing interest rates at low levels to revitalize demand through constant borrowing from the Treasury as a result of the lowered interest rates. Anglo-Saxon Capitalism relies heavily on free market

How Do Peer Relationships Effect Social Development Young People Essay

How Do Peer Relationships Effect Social Development Young People Essay The purpose of this essay is to evaluate how friendships and social interactions with peers, influence the social development of children. Furthermore, to consider the links between family relationships societal influences and the effects that these have on childrens social development in early life. In addition to understand the complexities of an adults role when supporting childrens social development, in the nursery setting. Research suggests that friendships are fundamental in providing future relationships, which help children cope with the stresses of life; learning to make and keep friends is one of the most important influences in the social development of children Early Excellence for Childhood Development (2009). Establishing relationships with peers is one of the major development tasks of early childhood, and how well they fare at this time, matters not only to the children themselves, but also to their future Shonkoff and Phillips (2000:163). This is in line with Phal (2000) it is not friendships per se that is important but the trust security feelings of self-esteem and of love are important (:148). Childrens friendships with others build upon two individual interactions based on trust respect and security Shaffer (1996:324). Shaffer further suggests that sociability plays a key part in the social development of children and that this depends on the skills children acquire during the first yea rs of life (:325). By the age of two years, children begin enjoy playing with peers, laughing, talking, yet with trial and error; they learn to carry out their social skills (Development Milestones 2006), talking helps children make sense of things, and this puts things into perspective. However, children become protective of their possessions, which results in them not sharing, nevertheless, childrens interactions grow out of egocentric modes of thinking and by being confronted with peers points of view and through peer interactions (Piaget 1932). Even so, children learn ways in which, their cooperation is welcomed, and how they can take part for what they want (Elkin and Handel, 1978). Furthermore, they start imitating their peers at early ages, spending lots of time watching what they do, even though, children between the ages of two to three years, are more likely to be self-centred and are not interested in others feelings. Piaget also states as children get older they learn how to share and take turns, and start to make friends with peers within their social groups, and in social situations (1932:47), such as swimming clubs, dance or football lessons. Equally as children become aware of the world around them, in particular how everything in it relates to them, they learn to make friends, and start communicating with their peers, both within their own age group and older. Children move in peer environments offering opportunities for support, and develop an understanding of others (Piaget 1932:42). Such as befriending younger peers, as some children need help in bridging their differences, in finding ways to learn from and enjoy the company of one another. Additionally, once children learn to empathise with their peers, they will learn how much fun it is to have friendships, and that these may turn into long-lasting relationships. Equally, childrens acceptance by their peers are influenced by factors suc h as, relationships at home including relationships with siblings, childrens own behaviour, relationships with parents and parents own relationships with each other. Families give children their social networks and social support, but children, who construct themselves in relationships with peers and friends, as well as parents, identify the rule of reciprocity and understand that personal and shared resources can have mutual benefits. Research suggests that this is especially true when making friendships. Therefore, children who show negative behaviour towards their peers will find it difficult to make friends. Peer difficulties in the early years are predictors of future problems, such as, feelings of loneliness, aggression anxiety and depression (Shaffer 1996: 326). However, some children differ in their social behaviour such as, individual personalitys temperaments extended family relationships, and cultural environments, which affect their social behaviour, (Rothbart Bates, 1998; Kagan1992). What is right, or effective social behaviour in one culture, may not be in another. Such as eating food with fingers, this is acceptable in some eastern society; however, this is not acceptable in that of western society. Evidence suggests, children enter society at the mercy of others, from the time they are born children have innate responses, these influence their social development outcomes, which will then continue and change throughout their lifespan. Family influences start from the time of conception with genetic makeup provided by parents, such as the colour of hair and eyes, height bone structure and temperament Shaffer (1996:163). However, the mother is the primary caregiver, providing an environment to which the child will grow and mature; she provides the child with nourishment, a safe environment, and the necessary health care for her and her child (Elkin and Handle 1978). Consequently, the mother provides the child with the first smile sound touch taste, and attachment. According to Bowlby (1944) for children to form relationships, they must first learn to develop an attachment with others this will lead children to form bonds and secure attachments with others later in life (:62). Chil dren become dependent on their family to provide clothing food shelter a clean safe environment, support, access to necessary health care and education. Children come to feel loved, valued, and learn to believe in a shared set of values and beliefs The Family Paediatrics Report (2003). Children also receive; care for their dependency and attention for their sociability, however, the kind of care and attention children receive during their early years will affect their management of important issues in later life, such as trust and distrust, Shonkoff and Phillips (2000:265). Therefore, the kind of parenting styles influence childrens social development and childrens characteristics according to Baumrind (1971) children who have authoritative parents tend to be self-reliant self-controlled cooperative socially responsible and keen to achieve, because parents have the power control, and how they direct their children. Children with permissive parents tend to lack confidence in voicing their opinions, are not interested in success and have no direction, as parents have limited control over them, over indulgence and inconsistencies regarding discipline. However, these parents are very loving and affectionate. Authoritarian parents on the other hand, tend to be in control over their children, giving them strict rules but in ways that encourages communication and mutual respect. Whereas Authoritarian parents are more involved, are more responsive sensitive and attentive to their childrens individual needs. However, children whose parents use this parenting style have children that are more likely to be impolite, rebellious and especially in boys socially incompetent. Rejecting-Neglecting parents however, shows an emotionally detached style of parenting with little effort of providing food and clothes for their children, they are uncaring do not watch or support their childrens activities they do not provide structure for the social rules or an understanding of the wo rld they live in, and actively reject their responsibilities to rearing of their children. In addition, they have a combination of low approval and low involvement with little interest in the control of general indifferences to issues autonomy. Therefore, their children tend to be immature in cognitive and social development. However, personality may also influence and affect parents responses to some behaviours showing that parents may not in nature adopt these styles but be forced into them (Johnson and Nohamond-Williams). Although family is an important factor in influencing the social development of children, research suggests that normal family is forever changing Shonkoff and Phillips (2000:263) with increases in divorce, one-parent families stepparents, cohabitation as well as civil partnerships and the growing diversity of values, beliefs ground rules culture, social and economic status. Shonkoff and Phillips (2000:264). However, the fundamentals of family life are to provid e their children with a stable environment for children to learn through the process of socialisation to become acceptable members of society, besides social status recreation, and leisure pursuits. The family has also seen changes in terms of social values, attitudes and structure, such as that within the British Royal family and their conformity to social trends, with three out of the four children now divorced. Studies also show that children of divorced parents are at greater risk of emotional and behavioural problems, including depression The Family paediatrics Report (2003). Such children tend to have social difficulties and more problem relationships with one or, both parents, however, childrens inability to cope without the social support of their families can stem from social strains such as parental mental illness, substance abuse, violence, and divorce, Family Paediatrics Report, (2003). Studies show that parental abusive behaviour results from parents negative interpreta tions of a childs behaviour, poor social skills, and how they cope with stress Goldsmith, (2001:184). Goldsmith (2001) further suggested, stress leads to problems of parents feelings of depression helplessness anger, exhaustion and marital tension. Nevertheless parents who develop better management skills will find it easy to form tactics, solve problems, and amend to change, therefore will have a sense of being in control Goldsmith, (2000:186). However, if the needs within family cannot be fulfilled the fulfilment of those needs can be sought after in the community, by dishonesty such as theft. Research suggests that unemployment and poverty can also affect the social development of children, with unemployment increasing the financial strain on family; this may compromise parent-child relationship by inducing hostility as well as reducing support and love in the home. Therefore, having an impact on the social environment to which the child develops, relating to Brofenbrenners ecolo gical system theory, referring to the multiplicity of social influences that influence on childrens development.

Julius Caesar Essay: Mark Antony as the Genius of Julius Caesar

Mark Antony as the Genius of Julius Caesar Mark Antony - the guy is a genius.   He gives the most powerful and emotional speech ever conjured up by a human mind.   He gets this powerful emotion from the pain of the loss of his friend, Julius Caesar.   In Shakespeare's play about the ill-fated Roman ruler, a band of conspirators plot to kill Julius Caesar.   They succeed in doing so, and Caesar's best friend Antony is infuriated.   However, he manages to keep his cool, until he is allowed to speak at Caesar's funeral.   Brutus, the leader of the conspiracy, attempts to win the popularity and support of the crowd, and he does so with a speech full of glittering generalities.   His speech sounded good, but really meant nothing.   The people favor Brutus until Antony takes the stand and delivers the cold hard facts, turning the mob of people into an angry stampede.   The persuasive techniques that were used by Antony helped him to gain the crowd's support.   If he did not use these techniques, Antony would sim ply be carried off the stage and thrown into the mob.   The techniques that he used (to make his speech persuade the mob to help him) were: the fact that he acknowledged the opposing argument, his slowly rising emotional expression, and the use of a simple refrain that gets more and more sarcastic each time around.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Antony must acknowledge the opposing argument, because it helps him to show the crowd that he does not have a selfish or one-tracked mind.   "The noble Brutus hath told you Caesar was ambitious.   If it were so, it would be a grievous fault." (Act III, Scene ii, 79-81)   Although the crowd knows it, Antony says that Brutus said that Caesar was ambitious.   Why?   Antony restates what Brutus said to make a very p... ... Antony has just made a complete fool of Brutus.   Again, only one small detail changed in the refrain to produce the sarcasm - the "and sure."   It is hard to believe that only changing a few little words can cause that much of an impact on a speech.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Through the use of these three persuasive techniques, Mark Antony succeeds in winning the support of the entire mob.   By acknowledging the opposing argument, slowly letting his emotions take over, and using a "simple" refrain, Antony delivers the perfect crowd-manipulating oration.   Antony knows the psychology of persuasion, and he shows it when he gives the speech.   The qualities of a persuasive speech, to speak of Antony's methods, are not obvious at all.   They come slowly, and that is the way to get a crowd in your hands. Works Cited: Shakespeare, William. Julius Caesar. New York: Simon, 1975. Julius Caesar Essay: Mark Antony as the Genius of Julius Caesar Mark Antony as the Genius of Julius Caesar Mark Antony - the guy is a genius.   He gives the most powerful and emotional speech ever conjured up by a human mind.   He gets this powerful emotion from the pain of the loss of his friend, Julius Caesar.   In Shakespeare's play about the ill-fated Roman ruler, a band of conspirators plot to kill Julius Caesar.   They succeed in doing so, and Caesar's best friend Antony is infuriated.   However, he manages to keep his cool, until he is allowed to speak at Caesar's funeral.   Brutus, the leader of the conspiracy, attempts to win the popularity and support of the crowd, and he does so with a speech full of glittering generalities.   His speech sounded good, but really meant nothing.   The people favor Brutus until Antony takes the stand and delivers the cold hard facts, turning the mob of people into an angry stampede.   The persuasive techniques that were used by Antony helped him to gain the crowd's support.   If he did not use these techniques, Antony would sim ply be carried off the stage and thrown into the mob.   The techniques that he used (to make his speech persuade the mob to help him) were: the fact that he acknowledged the opposing argument, his slowly rising emotional expression, and the use of a simple refrain that gets more and more sarcastic each time around.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Antony must acknowledge the opposing argument, because it helps him to show the crowd that he does not have a selfish or one-tracked mind.   "The noble Brutus hath told you Caesar was ambitious.   If it were so, it would be a grievous fault." (Act III, Scene ii, 79-81)   Although the crowd knows it, Antony says that Brutus said that Caesar was ambitious.   Why?   Antony restates what Brutus said to make a very p... ... Antony has just made a complete fool of Brutus.   Again, only one small detail changed in the refrain to produce the sarcasm - the "and sure."   It is hard to believe that only changing a few little words can cause that much of an impact on a speech.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Through the use of these three persuasive techniques, Mark Antony succeeds in winning the support of the entire mob.   By acknowledging the opposing argument, slowly letting his emotions take over, and using a "simple" refrain, Antony delivers the perfect crowd-manipulating oration.   Antony knows the psychology of persuasion, and he shows it when he gives the speech.   The qualities of a persuasive speech, to speak of Antony's methods, are not obvious at all.   They come slowly, and that is the way to get a crowd in your hands. Works Cited: Shakespeare, William. Julius Caesar. New York: Simon, 1975.

Only one submission assignment

Is required for each group. Late Penalty: The late penalty for the assignment is 10 percent of the full mark per day for each day the assignment Is late. Including weekends and public holidays. Other Penalties: The penalty for groups of more than 7 students is 50% deduction of the total mark received. Total 15 marks Part 1: Hedging with Futures Assume that you are holding a portfolio of S&P index and consider using the S&P 500 index futures contracts to hedge the portfolio risk.Determine your hedging strategy nd discuss how to implement your strategy (note that the contract information of the S&P 500 index futures can be found at the CME website). Data file can be downloaded from the course Blackboard under the Project folder. The file contains daily prices of S&P 500 index and S&P 500 index futures. Part 2: Trading Options Go to Yahoo Finance http://finance. yahoo. com/ and click on the Dow Jones, NASDAQ (on the top panel). Then click on components on the left panel. You can see a l ist of stocks in the â€Å"Symbol† column.When you click on any stock, you will get basic Information on the stock. Among them. Market Cap Is the one you need to use to select stocks. You need to select three stocks (a stock with market capitalization more than $10 billion, a stock with market capitalization In between $10 billion and $500 million and a stock with market capitalization less than $500 million) whose options are reasonably actively traded. Click on a stock and then click on options on the left panel, you will get the prices of calls and puts.

Beowulf: a Heroic-Elegiac Poem

Beowulf: A Heroic Elegiac Poem Beowulf is definitely a heroic-elegiac poem. Beowulf was a hero to many. He exhibited, the traits of a â€Å"good king†. He was a warrior with extraordinary abilities which made him seem superhuman. He was selfless choosing to protect the masses rather than himself. This was an act of generosity, as well as, great loyalty. There are many references in the poem to the ancestors of both Beowulf and Hrothgar. They are referred to with reverence regardless to whether they were good or bad. The references are made as lessons to the present and future kings and queens.As a heroic-elegiac poem, Beowulf begins with an example of a bad king to contrast him with a good king. Shield Sheafson who was not a good king because he demanded that clans far and wide pay homage to him. He destroyed mead halls and rampaged through the countryside. He was selfish and cruel. His heir, Beow, would be the antithesis of his father. He would be a blessing to the Danes. Beo w would be known for his generosity which garnered him loyal followers. Beow was the grandfather of Hrothgar. Hrothgar was loyal, courageous, generous and protective of his kingdom.Hrothgar was a good king like his father and grandfather before him. He would decide to build a mead hall where he could share his treasures and good fortune with his people, a place where they could feast and rejoice. These events described here prove that, in fact, Beowulf is a heroic poem. The mead hall, Heorot, would only be a safe haven for a short while. The hall would come under attack. Grendel, a monster, would be annoyed by the sounds of gaiety day in and day out. Grendel would begin to terrorize the hall murdering many before the would be abandoned due to fear. Hrothgar kingdom was gripped in terror.Beowulf heard of Hrothgar’s plight and decided he needed his help. Beowulf was known to have the strength of thirty men in each arm. He would travel to Hrothgar’s kingdom to volunteer t o be their defender against Grendel. He demonstrated selflessness, courage and generosity for the people of another land. All these are attributes of a good king and hero as shown in the poem. The transitory state of human relationships is shown in the repeated conquests of Beowulf. Beowulf killed Grendel and then he would have to kill Grendel’s mother who was seeking revenge for her child’s death.He was rewarded many times over by Hrothgar and he shared his good fortune with his men. Hrothgar offered him the throne. Beowulf declined in deference to the rightful heirs. Beowulf, eventually, becomes the king of the Geats. â€Å"He ruled (it) well for fifty winters, grew old and wise as warden of the land. † He is tested for a final time. His kingdom is threatened by a dragon. Beowulf challenges the dragon alone and he is mortally wounded. Wiglaf was the only warrior to remain by his side. Wiglaf stated, â€Å"Anyone ready to admit the truth will surely realize th at the lord of men who showered you with gifts and gave you he armor you are standing in—when he would distribute helmets and mail-shirts to men on the mead-benches, a prince treating his thanes in the hall to the best he could find, far or near—was throwing weapons uselessly away. It would be a sad waste when the war broke out. Beowulf had little cause to brag about his armed guard; yet God who ordains who wins or loses allowed him to strike with his own blade when bravery was needed. There was little I could do to protect his life in the heat of the fray, but I found new strength welling up when I went to help him.Then my sword connected and the deadly assaults of our foe grew weaker, the fire coursed less strongly from his head. But when the worst happened too few rallied around the prince. So it is good-bye now to all you know and love on your home ground, the open-handedness, the giving of war- swords. Every one of you with freehold of land, our whole nation, will be dispossessed, once princes from beyond get tidings of how you turned and fled and disgraced yourselves. A warrior will sooner die than live a life of shame. † This excerpt from the poem shows the transitory state of human relationships proving Beowulf is an elegiac poem.

Parallelism for SAT Writing Tips and Practice

Parallelism for SAT Writing Tips and Practice SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips We get to add to our grammar knowledge. Get excited! Parallel structure questions on the SAT Writing section are fairly common. Fortunately, parallel structure is a somewhat easy to comprehend grammatical rule. Once you understand the rule, you should be able to correctly answer any parallel structure question on the SAT. So, let’s master another rule and boost your SAT Writing score with these tips and strategies. In this post, I’ll do the following: Explain parallel structure. Detail the types of parallel structure questions on the SAT. Offer strategies to correctly answer parallel structure questions. Provide additional practice questions to test you on what you've learned. What is Parallelism as a Grammar Rule? Parallel structure means using the same pattern of words for two or more words or ideas in a sentence. Using parallel structure shows that the words/ideas have the same level of importance and makes the sentence easier to understand. The basic parallel structure rule is that the things in a list should be in the same grammatical form. If you are listing three things, the construction of that list should benoun, noun, noun,orverb, verb, verb,orgerund, gerund, gerund,etc. Any inconsistency within the list is an error in parallel structure. Here is an example of a sentence with an error in parallel structure: Egya likes laughing, singing, and to write. The sentence is listing three things that Egya likes. The first two are in the gerund form. Gerunds are verbs that function like nouns and end in "ing". The last thing, "to write", is an infinitive. An infinitiveis also a verb that functions like a noun, but it is constructed by using the word "to" plus the verb. In order to make this list parallel, all three items should be in the same grammatical form. The corrected version of the sentence looks like this: Egya likes laughing, singing, and writing. Now all three items on the list are gerunds. So, how is parallel structure tested on the SAT Writing section? Parallel Structure on the SAT There are two primary types of parallel structure questions that appear in SAT Writing. Type #1: Parallel Lists The example from above was a parallel structure list sentence. Generally, in list questions, three things are listed and you have to ensure that all the items in the list are in the same grammatical form. This is another sentence that contains a parallel structure error: Sonia is known for her independence, her honesty, and being intelligent. Do you see the inconsistency in the list? The first two items are nouns, traits that Sonia possesses. In the last item, "being intelligent", the word "being" is a gerund and "intelligent" is an adjective that describes Sonia. We want all three items in the list to have the same construction. After we fix the parallel structure error, this is our sentence: Sonia is known for her independence, her honesty, and her intelligence. Now all the items in the list match. The sentence reads better and all is well in the world of parallel structure. Strategy To correctly answer parallel structure list questions, first identify that there is a list of items. Usually the list will look like this: x, y, and z. Make sure that the commas are separating items in a list and are not just separating clauses. Once you have identified the list, ensure that the items in the list are as consistent with the other items in the list as possible. How do we do that? Break down each item in the list by identifying the parts of speech of the words and make sure that all the items match. We want each item to be in the same grammatical form. After breaking down the list items, there should be no inconsistencies. Once we fixed our previous example sentence, the items in the list included "independence" (noun), "honesty" (noun), and "intelligence" (noun). Let's move on to the second type of parallel structure question. Type #2: Parallel Phrases Parallel structure phrase questions are slightly more complicated than list questions, but they follow the same principle. The parallel structure rule regarding phrases is that the construction of a phrase on one side of a conjunction must match the construction of the phrase on the other side of the conjunction as closely as possible. Definition of a Conjunction Conjunctions are words that connect phrases or clauses. Examples of common conjunctions includeand, or, but,andso.Some of you may be familiar with the acronym FANBOYS. It stands for For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So. Those are all conjunctions. Additionally, there are correlative conjunctions, also known as word pairs. Literally, these words come in pairs. The items correlative conjunctions compare follow each word of the word pair. Examples of word pairs include either...or, not only...but also, as...as, and both...and. Example Sentences Now that we know the rule and the definition of a conjunction, we can check out how this rule should be applied. Here is a sentence with a parallel structure error: The SAT Writing section challengesstudents and frustration is found in them. So, the two items are connected by the conjunction "and". Let's break down each item by its parts of speech. The first item, "challenges students" is VERB+ NOUN. The second item that follows the conjunction is "frustration is found in them". That phrase's construction is NOUN + VERB + ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION + PRONOUN. Even if you struggle identifying the parts of speech of certain words, you should be able to immediately recognize that the phrases are not consistent and the sentence has a parallel structure error. So, how do we correct the sentence? We change the wording in the phrase following "and" to match the VERB + NOUN construction of the first phrase. This is the corrected version of the sentence: The SAT Writing section challenges students and frustrates them. Do you see that the phrases appear more consistent and the sentence reads better after we fix the error? Also, note that it's fine to use a pronoun in the place of a noun as long as the pronoun has a clear antecedent (coming soon). Let's go through the same process with another example: Rand Paul supports the repeal of the Affordable Care Act as well as that the Department of Education should be eliminated. The two items in the sentence are the two things that Rand Paul supports. Both items are connected by the conjunction "as well as". Let's break down the parts of speech of the words in those things. Phrase #1 Is "the repeal of the Affordable Care Act". Repeal= NOUN +of= PREPOSITION+Affordable Care Act=NOUN. Phrase #1's construction is NOUN + PREPOSITION + NOUN. The basic construction of phrase #2 is PRONOUN(that) + NOUN (Department of Education)+ VERB (should be eliminated). Its construction is PRONOUN + NOUN + VERB.We want the construction of phrase #2 to match the construction of phrase #1. Here is the corrected version of the sentence: Rand Paul supports the repeal of the Affordable Care Act as well as the elimination of the Department of Education. Much better, right So, phrase #2 should now match the NOUN + PREPOSITION + NOUN construction of phrase #1. Let's see if it does. Elimination=NOUN, of=PREPOSITION, Department of Education=NOUN. Boom!! Strategy If you see a conjunction connecting/comparing two items, identify the items. Then, break down the words in each item by their parts of speech and determine the phrase's construction. Make sure that the phrases are parallel. The construction of the phrases should match as closely as possible. Also, a preposition used on one side of a conjunction or word pair must appear on the other side. Look at this example with a parallel structure error. The dancer was praised not only for her strength but also in her agility. The dancer was praised for two things. Those things are connected by the word pair "not only...but also". The two things, which are the phrases before and after "but also", should be parallel in construction. The prepositions should match for the sentences to be parallel. This is the corrected version of the sentence: The dancer was praised not only for her strength but also for her agility. Now let's apply what we've learned to examples from real SATs. Real SAT Writing Examples See if you can identify an error in parallel structure in this first example. Explanation: First, we notice that there is no grammatical error within the underlined phrase. Now, let's look at the phrase's function within the sentence. The phrase "and composing one original work" is one of three things that a student must present to complete the music program. Therefore, the phrase is part of a list and should be parallel in structure to the other two items in the list. The construction of the first two items is "ONE" + ADJECTIVE + NOUN. We want the last item in the list to match the other two items as closely as possible. So, what's the answer? The answer is B. The phrase "and one original composition" matches the construction of "ONE" + ADJECTIVE + NOUN. Answer choice C doesn't work because the word "with" is incorrect given the context of the sentence. Remember the basic list construction of x, y, and z. Here's another real SAT example for you. Explanation: Again, there is nothing grammatically incorrect within the phrase "childhood is glorified". What is the function of that phrase within the sentence? The phrase is one of two things James Barrie is noted for portraying. The two things are connected by the conjunction "and". The first thing he is noted for portraying is "adulthood as unpleasant". What is the construction of that phrase? Its construction is NOUN + "AS" + ADJECTIVE. We want the construction of the second phrase to mirror that of the first. The answer is C. The phrase "childhood as glorious" perfectly matches the construction of NOUN + "AS" + ADJECTIVE and fixes the error in parallel structure. Check out this example of an identify the error parallel structure question. Explanation: Hopefully, you identified the conjunction "and" within the sentence. What is "and" connecting in the sentence? It is connecting two things that eating nuts might help. The first thing it might help is "to lower blood cholesterol levels in humans". The basic construction of that phrase is INFINITIVE + NOUN + PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE. The second thing that eating nuts might help is "reducing the risk of heart disease". Let's break down that phrase by parts of speech. That phrase's construction is GERUND + NOUN + PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE. We know that the infinitive form is correct in the first phrase because the word "to" isn't underlined. Therefore, the word "reducing" should be changed to the infinitive form to fix the error in parallel structure. The answer is C. "Reducing" should be changed to "reduce". The "to" is implied from "to lower". Here are some tips for you to use to help you correctly answer any parallel structure question you may encounter on the SAT Writing section. General Strategies for Parallel Structure SAT Writing Questions #1: Any List Within A Sentence Indicates a Possible Error in Parallel Structure If you see the x, y, and z list construction, make sure that the items in the list have the same grammatical form. #2: Phrases Connected by Conjunctions May Indicate an Error in Parallel Structure The phrase parallel structure questions tend to be more difficult and will most likely appear near the end of the sentence improvement and identify the error subsections. If you see multiple items connected by conjunctions at the end of these subsections, look for errors in parallel structure. #3: Break Down the Construction of Phrases Separated by Conjunctions and Items in a List Identify the parts of speech of words within a list. Also, identify the parts of speech of words within phrases that precede and succeed a conjunction. Make sure the construction of the phrases and list items match as closely as possible. Now we can apply the lessons we've learned. Additional SAT Writing Practice If you've read this article closely, I hope you have a solid grasp on parallel structure and how parallel structure questions are presented on the SAT. I've created some realistic SAT Writing practice problems for you to test your knowledge of parallel structure. Use what you've learned and the strategies I've presentedto help you answer the questions. 1. I like my PrepScholar articles because not only are they informative and entertaining but also because they offer students help. A. they offer students help. B. they offers students help. C. they are helpful for students. D. they are helping students. E. their offering to help students. 2. Because I was hungry, tired, and feeling like I was sad, I did not want to go to my appointment. A. and feeling like I was sad, B. and sad, C. I had feelings of sadness, D. I felt like I was sad, E. to feel sadness, 3. Stand-up comedy, one of the least respected performing arts, is valuable to society because the performer is able to inform the audience and making it laugh uncontrollably. A. making it laugh uncontrollably. B. making them laugh uncontrollably. C. uncontrollable laughter is caused by him. D. make it laugh uncontrollably. E. he makes people laugh uncontrollably. 4. Exercising(A) enabled Joe to strengthen his(B) muscles and releasing(C) his stress. (D) No Error (E) Answers: 1. C, 2. B, 3. D, 4. C What's Next If you want an overview of the topics on the SAT Writing section, read this article about what's tested on SAT Writing. If, specifically, you want to know the grammar rules tested in SAT Writing, check out this guide to SAT grammar. Since I know many of you have lofty goals and aspirations, I assume you may be interested in knowing what to do to get a perfect score on the SAT Writing section. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this English lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. 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